Industrial Tour

One day Industrial Visit
GURU HARGOBIND
THERMAL PLANT,
Lehra Mohabbat,
Bathinda,
Punjab
S.No. Content Slide No.
1. About organisation 4
2. History of thermal power plant 5
3. Components of a thermal power plant 6-10
4. Inside the thermal plant 11-16
5. Waste Management 17-22
6. Merits and Demerits 23-24

About Organisation
Guru Hargobind Thermal Plant,
Lehra Mohabbat is located about 25
KMs from Bathinda on National
Highway No. 7. The total installed
capacity of this plant is 920 MW and
comprising of two stages. Stage-I
consists of two Units of 210MW
each and Stage-II consists of two
Units of 250 MW each. Unit-1 & 2 of
Stage-I were commissioned on 29-
12-1997 and 16-10-1998
respectively while Unit-3 & 4 of
Stage-II were commissioned on 03-
01-2008 & 31-07-2008 respectively.
Total plant area is 1025 Acres. Basic
fuel is coal and secondary fuel is
furnace oil.
About Organisation History Of Thermal Plant
Guru Hargobind Thermal Plant, The Guru Hargobind Thermal Plant in
Lehra Mohabbat is located about 25 Lahara Mohabbat , Punjab. The plant
KMs from Bathinda on National was developed by companies like TATA
Highway No. 7. The total installed Honeywell and BHEL and is powered by
capacity of this plant is 920 MW and coal. The selection of the plant site
comprising of two stages. Stage-I considered factors like space, land,
consists of two Units of 210MW water availability, labor, and
each and Stage-II consists of two transportation. The plant has multiple
Units of 250 MW each. Unit-1 & 2 of units and has contributed significantly to
Stage-I were commissioned on 29- power availability in Punjab, benefiting
12-1997 and 16-10-1998 agriculture, industry, and rural
respectively while Unit-3 & 4 of electrification. It has also helped in
Stage-II were commissioned on 03- reducing power cuts and improving the
01-2008 & 31-07-2008 respectively. reliability of the power supply. The plant
Total plant area is 1025 Acres. Basic was named after Guru Hargobind and
fuel is coal and secondary fuel is was commissioned in stages. It plays a
furnace oil. crucial role in meeting the power
demand in Punjab.
COMPONENTS USE IN
THERMAL POWER
PLANT
Boiler Turbine Condenser Cooling tower
BOILER
A boiler where heat energy is converted into electrical energy.
• Operation Principle
Uses heat to boil water in a pressure vessel, producing high-
pressure steam that drives a steam turbine connected to an
electrical generator.
• Cycle Used
Operates based on the Rankine cycle, where low-pressure exhaust
steam is cooled to produce condensate, recycled to generate
more high pressure steam.
TURBINE
The main purpose of a steam turbine is to convert thermal
energy from pressurized steam into mechanical energy or
electrical energy
Uses heat to boil water in a pressure vessel, producing high-
pressure steam that drives a steam turbine connected to an
electrical generator.
• Cycle Used
Operates based on the Rankine cycle, where low-pressure
exhaust steam is cooled to produce condensate, recycled to
generate more high pressure steam.
CONDENSER
The primary function of a condenser is to condense the exhaust steam from
the steam turbine, which helps to obtain maximum efficiency and convert
the turbine exhaust steam into pure water, known as steam condensate.
This steam condensate can be reused in the boiler, reducing the need for
fresh water and promoting resource conservation.
Uses heat to boil water in a pressure vessel, producing high-pressure steam
that drives a steam turbine connected to an electrical generator.
• Cycle Used
Operates based on the Rankine cycle, where low-pressure exhaust steam is
cooled to produce condensate, recycled to generate more high pressure
steam.
COOLING
TOWER
• Function
Rejects waste heat to the atmosphere by cooling a coolant stream,
usually water, to a lower temperature.
• Cooling mechanism
Uses water evaporation to cool working fluid to near the wet-bulb air
temperature or air in dry cooling towers to cool fluid to near the dry-
bulb air temperature.
• Common applications
Used in oil refineries, petrochemical and chemical plants, thermal and
nuclear power stations, and HVAC systems for cooling buildings.
INSIDE THE THERMAL
PLANT
• Operational Department
• Plant Performance and Energy
Consumption
Coal Handling
Plant Unit
1) A coal handling plant is crucial for a coal-fired thermal
plant, responsible for receiving incoming coal via train and
ensuring a steady fuel supply for safe power generation
2) The process involves unloading coal from a train with
58–59 compartments, using hydraulic and magnet
mechanisms, then moving it via conveyor belts, crushing it to
a consistent size, and removing metal fragments before
supplying it to bunkers or using it as fuel in boilers
3) This essential component guarantees a continuous and
appropriately sized fuel supply, essential for the safe and
effective operation of the power plant
4) The coal handling plant plays a critical role in preventing
accidents, ensuring operational efficiency, and maintaining a
consistent fuel quality for power generation
Ash Handling
Plant Unit
1) The ash handling unit in a thermal power plant is responsible

for collecting, conveying, and disposing of ash generated during
the combustion of coal.
2) It involves processes like ash collection from boilers,
transportation to storage or disposal sites, and treatment to
minimize environmental impact.
3) Efficient ash handling units help in maintaining clean air
quality, reducing environmental pollution, and complying with
regulations for safe ash disposal.
4) Proper management of ash through effective handling units is
essential for the overall environmental sustainability and
operational efficiency of a thermal power plant.
Main Control Room
Plant Unit
1) The main control room unit in a thermal power plant serves as the nerve center,
overseeing and managing all plant operations, including monitoring equipment,
controlling processes, and ensuring safety protocols are followed.
2) It houses control panels, displays, and communication systems to facilitate real-time
monitoring, data analysis, and decision-making for efficient power generation.
3) Operators in the control room are responsible for

coordinating activities, responding to alarms,
adjusting parameters, and optimizing plant
performance to meet energy demands and maintain
system reliability.
4) The main control room unit is essential for
maintaining operational efficiency, ensuring safety,
and maximizing the output of the thermal power
plant.
Water
Treatment
• Plant Unit
The source of raw water for the plant is Rara Sahib canal or river
water.
• Contains impurities like Calcium, Magnesium salts, Silica
suspended solids and minerals to a 300-500 ppm
REMOVAL OF TURBIDITY/ SUSPENDED PARTICLES:-

• Turbidity comprises of negatively charged particles and hence
remains in a colloidal form. To remove this a coagulant is added to
the water to produce positively charged particles which would
attract the negative particles, which will form flows, and will settle
easily.
• The equipment performing these activities is called a clarifier.
REMOVAL OF DISSOLVED SALTS:-
• Demineralization process and is performed in D.M. plant.
• This basically consists of two units in series.
• One is called cation Exchange unit
• Anion exchange unit.
• Cation exchange is filled with cation resin which exchanges
hydrogen ion in the resin for all cations.
Electric Grid
Plant Unit
• Distribution System: Supplying homes and businesses with energy at various

voltages, the power distribution grid is made up of transformers, distribution
buses, voltage regulators, and distribution lines. The power in the electric grid is
around 220 kV. Power distribution is made safe and effective by transformers,
which modify the voltage in accordance with customer demands.
• Safety Devices and Equipment: The power grid includes safety devices like fuses
and circuit breakers to protect against electrical overloads and ensure the safe
distribution of electricity to consumers. Circuit breakers control the flow of
electricity through the grid and into homes and buildings
• Power Generation: Thermal power plants produce electricity by
converting heat energy from burning fuels like coal, natural gas, or oil
into electrical energy through steam turbines connected to electric
generators
• Transmission to the Grid: The electricity generated by thermal power
plants is fed into the electric grid through electrical transmission lines
to meet society's electrical needs. The power output is in the form of
electricity and is transmitted to consumers via the grid
Plant Performance
and Energy
Consumption
Differentiation of Waste Environmental Decommissioning Planning: Utilization of Waste:
Streams: Considerations: Proper waste management Waste management
Waste management in Effective waste management includes detailed planning for strategies in thermal power
thermal power plants in thermal power plants the decommissioning of power plants also involve exploring
involves distinguishing requires a focus on plants. This involves assessing the potential reuse and
between operational waste environmental impacts and risks, hazards, and the condition recycling of certain waste
generated during plant pollution reduction. This of plant infrastructure to ensure materials. For example, coal
operation and waste involves addressing issues safe and efficient combustion byproducts like
produced during related to coal transportation, decommissioning processes. fly ash and bottom ash can be
decommissioning. This storage, and combustion to Factors such as building beneficially used in various
includes categorizing waste minimize environmental conditions, storage tanks, applications, contributing to
streams from coal, natural pollution and ensure cooling towers, and waste reduction and resource
gas, oil, and nuclear plants, sustainable practices in waste environmental considerations optimization
each with unique solid waste handling are crucial in the planning phase
generation characteristics
Efficient Energy Conversion: Thermal power plants are
1 designed to efficiently convert heat energy from fossil fuels or
MERITS
nuclear material into electrical energy, making them a reliable
source of electricity
OF A 2
Low Operational Costs: Once built, the operational costs of
thermal power plants are relatively low, as they do not
require constant fuel supplies, and the energy needed to
THERMAL
pump water can be taken from the total energy yield
POWER
Renewable and Environmentally Friendly: Geothermal
thermal power plants, in particular, are revered by
3 environmental activists for being completely renewable,
having virtually no emissions, and helping reduce global
PLANT
warming and pollution
Job Creation: Thermal power plants create numerous jobs for

4 local communities, including researchers, scientists, and
drilling workers, contributing to economic growth
High Initial Costs: The initial installation costs of thermal
1 power plants, especially geothermal ones, can be high due to
DEMERITS
the need for extensive research and the high cost of drilling
into the Earth's mantle
OF A 2
Environmental Concerns: Thermal power plants can release
harmful gases, such as Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides,
THERMAL
which can impact air quality and contribute to acid rain
POWER
Water Usage: Thermal power plants, particularly those using
3 cooling towers, can consume large amounts of water, leading

to thermal pollution and potential harm to aquatic
PLANT
ecosystems
By-product Waste: Thermal power plants produce by-

4 products, such as fly ash and bottom ash, which require
proper disposal and management

Industrial Tour

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Industrial Tour

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

One day Industrial Visit

2. History of thermal power plant 5

3. Components of a thermal power plant 6-10

4. Inside the thermal plant 11-16

5. Waste Management 17-22

6. Merits and Demerits 23-24

1) The ash handling unit in a thermal power plant is responsible

3) Operators in the control room are responsible for

REMOVAL OF TURBIDITY/ SUSPENDED PARTICLES:-

• Distribution System: Supplying homes and businesses with energy at various

1 designed to efficiently convert heat energy from fossil fuels or

Job Creation: Thermal power plants create numerous jobs for

1 power plants, especially geothermal ones, can be high due to

3 cooling towers, can consume large amounts of water, leading

By-product Waste: Thermal power plants produce by-

You might also like