HOW TO PARAPHRASE

AND SUMMARISE T
AVOID PLAGIARISM
Flora and Tuyan
Steps in avoiding plagiarism

• Direct Quotation
• Paraphrasing
• Placing your own examples (optional)
• Placing your own comments (optional)
Step 1 : Direct Quotation
• Find the idea that you want to include.

• Write this idea in direct quotes

• Add the author name and page number

• Put the full reference at the end of your document.

Example of direct quotation
• “Universities also place the burden of understanding plagiarism and
attribution conventions on students. There are myriad information-
laden web-based self-help tutorials and workshops on related sites for
the universities in this study. Many are excellent resources and can be
helpful. Nevertheless, the lack of additional, detailed individual
assistance about the techniques of engaging in academic writing
conventions, particularly for students studying in off-campus or
distance modes, raises issues of equity for plagiarism management
policy makers." (Sutherland-Smith, 2010:9).”
Step 2:Paraphrasing
• Decide on the key information.
• Change the order of the ideas and words to emphasise
on the point you are bringing out.
• Change word or grammatical form.
• Use synonyms if appropriate without changing the
meaning.
An example of paraphrasing
Step 3: Add your own examples
(Optional)
• Examples could be from:
• your own practice or professional experience.
• from observations you have made.
• from other literature or published materials.
• Include an example with a phrase.
• Include the reference.
Important takeaways;
• If the words stay in the same order then you must
place them quotations.
• Repeat the author’s name through the paraphrase
• Add a detail about where the information came from.
• Keep the author and page number .