Mesh Analysis Nodal Analysis

This method is used to

determine the current This method is used to
circulating a mesh or loop in a determine the unknown
closed path of any electrical voltage drop around the circuit
circuit. between two or more nodes.

It is also known as Mesh It is also known as node

Current analysis or mesh loop voltage method or node
analysis voltage analysis or supernode
analysis

It is based on Kirchhoff’s It is based on Kirchhoff’s

Voltage Law(KVL) current law(KCL)

1
Nodal Voltage Analysis Circuit nodal analysis is an application of Kirchhoff's
current law, which is used for calculating the
voltages at each node in an equation.

2
3
4
Find the current flowing through 20 Ω resistor of the following circuit using Nodal
analysis.

5
Mesh Current Method or Analysis

mesh analysis is an application of Kirchhoff's voltage law which is used for

calculating the current.

V1 = i1R1 + R3(i1 – i2)

R3(i1 – i2)) + i2R2 + i2R4 = 0)

6
For Mesh-1 Mesh-2

V1 = 25V
V1 = 5V VR2 = i2 x 10 = 10i2
VR1 = i1 x 2 = 2i1 VR3 = (i1 + i2) x 5 =5(i1 + i2)

VR3 = (i1+i2) x 5 = 5(i1+i2) V2 = 10i2 + 5(i1+i2)

25 = 5i1+15i2
5 = i1+ 3i2
V1 = 2i1 + 5(i1+i2)
5 = 7i1 + 5i2 i1 = .625A
i2 = 1.875A
7
Mesh Analysis
While applying KVL, algebraic sums are involved. So, it is necessary
to assign proper signs to the voltage rises and voltage drops. The
following sign convention may be used.

•Consider the above circuit. It has two Mesh. [Mesh 1-

ABCFA, Mesh 2-CDEFC]
•Assume current direction for each Mesh. (Assume
clockwise for all mesh so that analysis will be easy).
•Assume I1 > I2.

8
•+, - for voltage sources are known . Enter +, - for all
resistor. In each resistor, current entering point is + and
leaving point is - . [Since I1 > I2, In R2, current flows from
up to down. ]
•Apply KVL for Mesh 1 [BAFCB]. Always move in
anticlockwise direction. (So that analysis will be easy).
•In the above Fig, for Mesh 1, Start from B-A-F-C-and end
in B. While moving, if + comes first its potential rise. If -
comes first its potential drop. [Put the sign which is
coming first].
+V1 – (I1-I2)R2 – I1R1=0 ……….Equation -1

•For Mesh 2, Start at C-F-E-D-and end in C

+(I1-I2)R2 – V2 – I3R3=0 ……….Equation -2

•V1, V2, R1, R2, R3 are known quantity. So if we solve

equation 1& 2, we get I1 & I2 9
Apply KVL and find the current in each resistor

Sol :
•Assume current direction for each Mesh. (Assume
clockwise for all mesh so that analysis will be easy).
•Assume I1 > I2.

10
•Enter +, - for all resistor. In each resistor, current
entering point is + and leaving point is - .
•Apply KVL for Mesh 1 [BAFCB]
+10 – 2(I1-I2) – 5I1=0 ……….Equation -1
+2(I1-I2) – 50 – 10I2=0 ……….Equation -2
From Equ 1
– 2I1+2I2 – 5I1= -10
7I1-2I2 = 10 ……….Equation -3
From Equ 2
2I1-2I2 – 10I2 = 50
– 2I1 + 12I2 = – 50 ……….Equation -4
Solving Equation using Calculator Casio fx 991 MS,
we get
I1= 0.25 A ; I2= -4.125 A [- ve I2 indicates our
assumption direction (clockwise) is wrong. So change
its direction] 11
12
MESH CURRENT ANALYSIS OR MESH ANALYSIS
For the same problem, apply mech analysis and find the current
in each resistor

Sol :
•Assume current direction for each Mesh. (Assume
clockwise for all mesh so that analysis will be easy). .

13
We know that RI=V (Ohms law). This we are going to
write in matrix form.
Size of ‘R’ matrix: No. of mesh x No. of mesh
Size of ‘I’ matrix: No. of mesh x 1
Size of ‘V’ matrix: No. of mesh x 1

14
Diagonal elements- Always positive
Off-Diagonal elements- Positive if both currents are in same direction,

negative if currents are in opposite direction.

Note: If you assume all mesh currents in clockwise, your Off-Diagonal
elements will be always negative.
Voltage Matrix: If assumed mesh current and actual current [which flows
from +ve to - ve] are same, V is + ve. If not, V is -ve

7I1- 2I2 = 10 ……….Equation -1

– 2I1 + 12I2 = – 50 ……….Equation -2 15

Solving Equation using Calculator Casio fx 991 MS, we get
I1= 0.25 A ; I2= -4.125 A [- ve I2 indicates our assumption direction
(clockwise) is wrong. So change its direction]
I1= 0.25 A (clockwise) ; I2= 4.125 A (anticlockwise)

16