Different Types Of Instrument Transformer

Testing
Presented By: Mehta Dhaval (201020011010)
Parmar Chirag (201020011024)
Parth Gondaliya (201020011025)
Guided by: Dr. Krupa Shah
Industry Guide by: Mr. Vandit Gandhi

Department of Electrical and Computer Science Engineering, Institute of

Infrastructure, Technology, Research and Management, Ahmedabad-380026,
Gujarat
April, 2024
Table content
1. Introduction
2. Literature Survey
3. Methodology
4. Conclusion
5. References
Introduction :
•Static device
•Use faraday's law of
electromagnetic induction
•Energy (Voltage and current)
convert into magnetic energy
•Magnetic energy convert into
voltage and current
Introduction :
• Current transformer is one type of instrument transformer which is
connected in series and transform the current from higher value to lower
value of current.

• Current transformers are used for the purpose of metering and protection
both. In the metering purpose, the energy meter or amperemeter is series
connected the secondary side of the current transformer. While for
protection, the protective device like relays are series connected with
secondary CT.

• Generally, secondary current of the current transformer is standardized

which are 1A or 5A. While, the primary current is varying according to the
level.
i.e. like 400/5A, 1500/5A, 800/5A, etc.
Core types :
• Carbon steel
• Manganese steel
• Nickel steel
• Nickel-chromium steel
• Carbon-molybdenum steel

• CRGO (Cold Rolled Grain Oriented Silicon Sheet) among the best and widely used core
material in industry and ashmor also using CRGO steel based core
• Reluctance should low and resistance should be high
Literature Survey
Types of instrument CT

• There are three types of

instrument CT
1. Metering
2. Special application
3. Protection
Methodology • There are three type of test which necessary for
medium voltage CT before taking it in use
Medium 1. Accuracy test

voltage CT 2. High voltage power frequency test on primary

winding (H.V.)

test
3. High voltage power frequency test on secondary
winding (3 KV)
Medium
voltage CT
test
Testing setup :

1) Accuracy test setup 2) High voltage power frequency

test on secondary winding
Testing setup

3) High voltage power frequency test on primary

winding
 • = 75 Celsius (Fix value)
• = Room temperature
Instrument
• Take value of from resistance meter
safety factor
(ISF) • Get value
•*
Threshold value of current
at threshold value of • Current ISF =
primary current

• By providing current ISF to winding we get

Composite • = 75 Celsius (Fix value)
• = Room temperature
error test
(CE) • Take value of from resistance meter

Difference between the

ideal secondary current
and the actual secondary
current
 Ratio : 420/1 A

Knee point • = 75 Celsius (Fix value)

• = Room temperature
Resistance : 2.220 ohm
Vk = 100V
I = 0.003 A
test
• Take value of from resistance meter

The magnitude of the

CT's secondary voltage • 1.1 Vk = 110V 0.022 A
above which the output • 1.0 Vk = 100V 0.018 * 1.5 = 0.027 A
current ceases to
• 0.5 Vk = 50V 0.011 A
linearly
Voltage detecting insulator (VDI)
 Also known as capacitive voltage indicator

 Only provide information about voltage presences

 Working principle : capacitive voltage divider

 Use : 1) Panel
2) low voltage switchgear

 Test : High voltage (H.V.) test

Construction of
of VDI
Power bushing
 Carrying high current at high voltage through
equipment

Providing insulating barrier between the live conductor

and the conducting body

 Use : 1) Panel
2) High voltage transmission line , etc.

 Test : High voltage (H.V.) test

 1. Verification of Terminal Marking and Polarity
2. Power Frequency Dry Withstand Test On Primary
Low & Secondary Winging ( H.V test)
3. Over Voltage Interturn Voltage (O.V.I.T)
voltage CT 4. Instrument Safety Factor (ISF) Test
5. Determinations of Errors OR
test Other Characteristics according to
the Requirements of The Accuracy Class
 Induced EMF =
=

Where Where (Core Area)

Core Mean Length = 0.97 (OD and ID In mm)

testing : Current (Amp) =

​ Where :- = Flux (
A = Area of Core ()
F = Frequency (Hz)
N = No. of Turns
B = Flux density
H = Reluctance ( Ats / m)
T = Tesla Test
Calculation of Rectangular Core Weights : A

Nominal finished wt. / core = a

b
( 2 ( F + G ) + 3.14 X E ) X E X D X 7.65 X 0.95gms B

F = width of window in cm G
G= length of window in cm
E = Wall thickness in cm
D = strip width in cm
Calculation of Rectangular Core Current @1.5T :
(A + B + a + b ) / 10 X 0.32 All dimensions is in mm

Calculation of Rectangular Core voltage @1.5T :

(A-a) / 2*D*0.00316/10 All dimensions is in mm
Core Selection Table :

Tesla Reluctance
ZDKH ZDKH M3
M4 M5 ZDMH
0.23 0.23 0.23
0.5T 0.078 0.08 0.09 0.1 0.15 0.065
1.0T 0.12 0.15 0.18 0.22 0.28
1.5T 0.22 0.26 0.3 0.32 0.4
1.7T 0.32 0.35 0.45
Types of C.T are manufactured In L.V
Side :
Basically ASHMOR ELECTRICALS is having manufacturing ,
• Metering Type CT
• i.e. CT Ratio : 200/5 A
• Burden : 5VA
• Accuracy Class : 0.5S ,0.2S, 0.5, 0.2 ,0.1, 1.
• Protection Type CT
• i.e. CT Ratio :1600/5 A
• Burden : 15VA
• Accuracy Class : 5P10 , 2P5 etc.
• Special purpose (PS Class) class.(very rare the order will
come)
Types of Transformer Testing :

1. Type Test 2. Routine Test

 Short Time Current Test  Verification of Terminal Marking and

Polarity
 Temperature Rise Test
 Power Frequency Dry Withstand Test On
 Lightning Impulse Test
Primary & Secondry Winging ( H.V test)
 Switching Impulse Test
 Over Voltage Interturn Voltage (O.V.I.T)
 High-Voltage Power Frequency Voltage
 Instrument Safety Factor (ISF) Test
Test (H.V test)
 Determinations of Errors OR Other
Characteristics according to the
Requirements of The Accuracy Class
1. Metering C.T. Test 3. Protection Special Class C.T Test
 Polarity Test  Polarity Test
 Accuracy Test  Turns Ratio Test
 H.V Test  H.V. Test
 I.S.F  O.V.I.T - Over Voltage Intern turn
 O.V.I.T Test
 V.K Reference Test
2. Protection C.T. Test
 Polarity Test
 Accuracy Test
 H.V. Test
 O.V.I.T
 C.E % (composite error)

 All the information like type of C.T , Class , Burden , Type of Core , Cu Wire Size , Secondary
Termination etc are provided by the Supervisor , Through JOB CARD.
• The testing equipment’s are been test by the ERTO (Electrical
Research & Testing Organization) and the CTs & PTs are
standardized by ERDA (ELECTRICAL REASEARCH AND
DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATON).

• ACTTS (Automatic Current Transformer Test Set) and

AITTS (Automatic Instrument Transformer Test) are one of
them which test the accuracy class and ratio error, phase
displacement error of any current transformer & voltage
transformer.
Polarity &
Accuracy Test :
• The Automatic Polarity
Detection instantly
identifies correct or incorrect
terminal markings, triggering
a "Reverse Polarity" warning
with a bip sound for reversed
markings.
 Determination of errors is
due to fulfill the
requirements of the
appropriate designation or
accuracy class , which is
preferred by the purchaser
(Purchase Order - P.O)

 Accuracy class is the limit of ratio error and phase displacement error. The equipment used for
the testing of accuracy class is ACTTS-98(Automatic Current Transformer Test).

 This test is performed on all class CTs like metering, protection and
special protection class. In special protection class, the CTs are tested on no
burden. All the CTs are tested in full burden and quarter burden (metering CTs),
Especially in sample C.T.
Overvoltage Inter Turn Test
• This test is required to check the short circuit between
primary and secondary winding

• Procedure:-
• Step 1 : Connect live wire to S1
• Step 2 : Connect neutral wire to S2
• Step 3 : Give 5 ampere current
• Step 4 : Wait for 1 minute

• If the voltage value remain same for the 1 minute then the
C.T. is short circuited
CONTINUE
1st way
• Secondary winding open-circuited
• Test voltage is applied to the primary
winding
• The test voltage should produce a
primary current of RMS value equal
to the rated primary current
• The applied voltage should be
sustained for 1 minute
2nd way
• Primary winding open-circuited
• Test voltage is applied to the primary
winding
• The voltage should produce a
secondary current of RMS value equal
to the rated secondary current
• The applied voltage should be
sustained for 1 minute
Power frequency dry
withstand test on primary
winding (H.V. TEST )
• This test is required to check the short circuit
between primary and secondary winding

• Procedure:-
• Step 1 : Connect live wire to primary
• Step 2 : Connect neutral wire to secondary
• Step 3 : Give 3KV to C.T
• Step 4 : Wait for 1 minute

• If there is any fault in system then it will trip

otherwise the C.T will sustain for 3KV for 1
minute and it is safe to use
POLARITY
TESTING
• For checking polarity in primary
and secondary side of the current
transformer .
• Zero to negative side arrow will
move then it is in reverse
polarity
• Zero to negative side arrow will
move then it is in forward
polarity .
Conclusion
 All these tests I needed to do for matching the standard of IS , which is
demanded by the purchaser.
 From all these tests it will be easy for me to understand the core electrical
industry and their value very well.
 This low voltages I have learned well.
 From all these test and manufacturing process , I got overall Idea of how
this chain works from manufacturing till dispatch.
 This tests gave me good learning which will help me in my next project and
in future my field of work.
References
1. IS 2705

2. IS 3156

3. IC 16227

4. IEC 185 ( 1987 ) ‘Current transformers’, published by International

Electrotechnical Commission.

5. BS 3938 : 1973 ‘Specification for current transformers with latest

amendments; published by the British Standards Institution.