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MOT
IV ATIO
N
DE TE
RMI N
ING Y
MOTI OUR
VES
 r S lid e
Divide t h e w o r d
d f r o m o r
e r i v e w a n t s
o r d d s i r e s , s o f
s th e w d s , d e r o c e s
t i o n i s n e e s t h e p e
i v a e a n I t i h t h
M o t ' whic h m iv id u a l s .
c c o m p l is
o t i v e h e i n d s t o a
'm t h i n t a c t io n
e s w i le t o x t t h e p l e ' s
d ri v p e o p c o n t e e p e o
la t in g g o a l i n g t h
u
stim n the wor k m u la t
I o r s s t i o n e y .
g o a l s . l f a c t f o r m
l o g i c a e s i re
y c h o b e - d
p s r c a n
a v i o u
ADD A FOOTER beh 2
 O R I E S O F
T HE O N
V A T I
M OT I

1. INSTINCT THEORY

• According to the instinct theory of

motivation, all organisms are born
with innate biological tendencies
that help them survive. This theory
suggests that instincts drive all
behaviors. ... Instincts are goal-
directed and innate patterns of
behavior that are not the result of
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learning or experience.
 O R I E S O F
T HE O N
V A T I
M OT I
2. DRIVE-REDUCTION
THEORY
• The principle that organisms are
born with certain physiological
needs and that a negative state of
tension is created when these needs
are not satisfied, but when a need is
satisfied, drive is reduced and the
organism returns to a state of
homeostasis and relaxation.
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 O R I E S O F
T HE O N
V A T I
M OT I

3. INCENTIVE THEORY

• The incentive theory of motivation

is a behavioral theory that suggests
people are motivated by a drive for
incentives and reinforcement. The
incentive theory also proposes that
people behave in a way they believe
will result in a reward and avoid
actions that may entail punishment.
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 O R I E S O F
T HE O N
V A T I
M OT I

4. COGNITIVE THEORY Cl i ck
i co n t o
ad d p i
ct u re

• Cognitive theories of motivation

assume that behaviour is directed as
a result of the active processing and
interpretation of information.
Motivation is not seen as a
mechanical or innate set of
processes but as a purposive and
persistent set of behaviours based
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on…
DETERMINI
NG YOUR
MOTIVES

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Biological motives are the driving force behind
goal-oriented behaviors that result from an
individual's physiological state. Some examples
of biological motives are an individual's response
to hunger, thirst, temperature change or the need
for rest.

BIOLOGICAL MOTIVES: Primary

Motives
8
Hunger Motivation refers to the
drive that living beings have to
eat as a means of satisfying
hunger. This is a primary drive
and what makes training animals,
and controlling people, so
effective.

BIOLOGICAL MOTIVES: Primary

Motives
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Thirst is a conscious sensation that
results in a desire to drink. ...
Psychologists classify thirst as a
drive, a basic compelling urge that
motivates action. Other human
drives involve a lack of nutrients
(for example, glucose, sodium),
oxygen, or sleep; these are satiated
by eating, breathing, and sleeping.

BIOLOGICAL MOTIVES: Primary

Motives
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We could be alive if we
don’t eat for a week, we
could survive if we could
not drink for a day but
we will not be alive if we
lost air or missed
breathing for couple of
minutes.

BIOLOGICAL MOTIVES: Primary

Motives
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Sleep is an essential function1 that
allows your body and mind to
recharge, leaving you refreshed and
alert when you wake up. Healthy
sleep also helps the body remain
healthy and stave off diseases.
Without enough sleep, the brain
cannot function properly. This can
impair your abilities2 to concentrate,
think clearly, and process memories.

BIOLOGICAL MOTIVES: Primary

Motives 12
 Pain is a general term that
describes uncomfortable
sensations in the body. It
stems from activation of the
nervous system. Pain can
range from annoying to
debilitating. It may feel like
a sharp stab or dull ache.

BIOLOGICAL MOTIVES: Primary

Motives 13
 Focus on psychological and
social (as well as environmental)
factors and how they interact with
each other to produce motivation.
For example, need for
achievement, affiliation, power,
curiosity and exploration, and
self- actualization motives.
PSYCHOSOCIAL
MOTIVES: Secondary
Motives
Secondary motives:
Acquired or learned. The
needs they satisfy may or
may not be indirectly
related to primary
motives. Psychosocial
motives include:
curiosity, need for
acceptance, need for
achievement, power etc.
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The need for affiliation (N-
Affil) is a term that was
popularized by David
McClelland and describes a
person's need to feel a sense of
involvement and "belonging"
within a social group;
McClelland's thinking was
strongly influenced by the
pioneering work of Henry
Murray who first identified PSYCHOSOCIAL
underlying psychological ... MOTIVES: Secondary
Motives 15
Need for achievement (N-Ach) is an
individual's desire for significant
accomplishment, mastering of skills,
control, or high standards. The term
was first used by Henry Murray[1]
and associated with a range of
actions. These include: "intense,
prolonged and repeated efforts to
accomplish something difficult. To
work with singleness of purpose
towards a high and distant goal. To
have the determination to win".
PSYCHOSOCIAL
MOTIVES: Secondary
Motives 16
Need for security.
Everyone wants a life with
peace and order, protected,
sheltered, safe and sound
and reasonably satisfied.

PSYCHOSOCIAL
MOTIVES: Secondary
Motives
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k Yo
u!
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