MODELING

EXAMPLES OF
NONREACTING
SYSTEMS
Prepared by:
John Paul Ombao | Xyra Marie Cortes | Cerilyn Celestial | Angela Centeno
LIQUID STORAGE TANK
 From the figure below,

Incoming stream: (volumetric flowrate); (mass flowrate)

Outgoing stream: (volumetric flowrate); (mass flowrate)
 Recall the equations in conservation of total mass,

 By applying these equations,

(1)

 (2)
 For a pure component at constant temperature, the density is constant

(3)

 Simplifying,

(4)

 The volumetric flowrate is a function of the liquid level h in the tank. This is usually expressed
in the form . In most applications, is approximately proportional to the square root of liquid
level :

(5)
(where c is a constant with appropriate units)
 Rewrite the equation (4) by substituting the equation (5),

(6)

 Under steady-state conditions, we can assume that the rate of accumulation is zero.

(7)
 Simplifying,

(8)

 Solving for h(t),

(9)

[note: the liquid level h(t) describes the effect of the input variable on the operation of the tank.
h is called an output variable. ]
 At the same time h(t), being the solution of the mathematical model (eq. 6), gives complete
information on the state of the tank at every point in time; h is also called a state variable.

(10)

[note: the time variation of the inlet stream’s flow rate accounts for the external influences on
the tank and it is the cause of changes in the operation of the tank. is called an input variable.
The cross-sectional area A and the empirical coefficient c are constant parameters.]
HEATING TANK

Energy Balance can be written by applying the energy conservation

equation, thus:
(11)
Where:

Substituting these equations to the energy balance yields,

Simplifying,

To complete the model, we need a heat transfer correlation for the heating rate Q, depending on
the design of the heating jacket and the type of thermal fluid. If the thermal fluid is saturated steam
that completely condenses in the jacket,Q may be approximated as:
Substituting Q to the simplified equation 16, it will be obtaining the dynamic model

Heat transfer rate is fairly accurately approximated by the classic correlation:

Substituting equation 19 to 18, we will be obtaining the energy balance for the tank