Teacher I Cause and Effect is the relationship between two things when one thing makes something else happen. CAUSE EFFECT -the reason why -the result caused something happens by something (Why did it happen?) (What happened?) Example: Because people neglect following health protocols such as social distancing, handwashing, and wearing of face mask and face shield, COVID-19 cases continue to rise. What happened? Why did it happen? Because people neglect following COVID-19 cases health protocols such as social continue to rise. distancing, handwashing, and wearing of face mask and face EFFECT shield CAUSE See? Identifying the cause and
effect isn’t hard at all! All you have to
do to find the effect is to ask
yourself: “What happened?”
Signal words used in stating the
effect:
so, so that, therefore, thus,
consequently, as a result, result to, and also the semicolon (;) In finding the cause, you just have
to ask yourself: “Why did it happen?
What’s the reason why something
happened?” Signal words used in stating
the cause:
because, since, due to, and
for. How about you try determining the cause and effect in the following two sentences that I will be showing. Sentence # 1 If your immune system is weak, you will be easily infected with COVID-19. What is the cause in this sentence?
If your immune system is weak
It is signaled by the word IF.
What is the effect?
You will be easily infected
with covid-19 Sentence # 2 Hospitals are full because of pandemic. What is the effect?
Hospitals are full
What is the cause?
because of pandemic
The clue word here is
because – a sign that it is the cause. Let’s now learn how to write paragraphs showing cause and effect. In writing a cause-and-effect paragraph, here are the steps: #1 Determine the cause and the effect. Ask “why did this happen?” and “what happened next?” #2 Organize the main idea and the supporting details. Using a graphic organizer can help you do that. For one cause with multiple effects, you can place it in a graphic organizer like this. For one effect with multiple causes, you can place it in a graphic organizer like this. Here are some examples. #3 Use transition or signal words to show cause and effect relationship. Signal words used in cause and effect sentences: CAUSE EFFECT because, since, due so, so that, to, and for. therefore, thus, consequently, as a result, result to, and also the semicolon (;) Take a look at this single cause with multiple effects example. To write these information in to a paragraph, begin with a topic sentence which is about COVID- 19 pandemic, and this should be followed by supporting details which are the effects. This is the sample paragraph converted from the ideas listed in the graphic organizer. Last year, Philippines was struck with CoVID-19 pandemic. Ever since, a lot has changed. Because infection rose at a high rate, the country declared a lockdown which required people to stay at home especially the elderly and the minors. Many lost their jobs because businesses closed. Even the education system got affected. It shifted to distance learning modalities such as modular and online learning. Because of the spread of infection, hospitals are full. Many got sick and some have died. This is the new normal, and I wonder if we could possibly go back to how things used to be before the pandemic. Our topic sentence is found in the 1st sentence.
Last year, Philippines was struck with CoVID-19
pandemic. Then I added a simple transitional sentence. Last year, Philippines was struck with CoVID-19 pandemic. Ever since, a lot has changed. It is followed by the first effect, introduced by a clause: Because infection rose at a high rate which is synonymous with pandemic.
Last year, Philippines was struck with CoVID-19
pandemic. Ever since, a lot has changed. Because infection rose at a high rate, the country declared a lockdown which required people to stay at home especially the elderly and the minors. It is then followed by the next effect which is “Many lost their jobs because businesses closed.”
Last year, Philippines was struck with CoVID-19
pandemic. Ever since, a lot has changed. Because infection rose at a high rate, the country declared a lockdown which required people to stay at home especially the elderly and the minors. Many lost their jobs because businesses closed. A transitional sentence was added which is “Even the education system got affected.” This is to introduce the next effect.
Last year, Philippines was struck with CoVID-19
pandemic. Ever since, a lot has changed. Because infection rose at a high rate, the country declared a lockdown which required people to stay at home especially the elderly and the minors. Many lost their jobs because businesses closed. Even the education system got affected. The third effect is stated: Education is shifted to distance learning modalities. An example of distance learning modalities such as modular and online learning was added. Last year, Philippines was struck with CoVID-19 pandemic. Ever since, a lot has changed. Because infection rose at a high rate, the country declared a lockdown which required people to stay at home especially the elderly and the minors. Many lost their jobs because businesses closed. Even the education system got affected. It shifted to distance learning modalities such as modular and online learning. Then, the fourth effect follows.
Last year, Philippines was struck with CoVID-19
pandemic. Ever since, a lot has changed. Because infection rose at a high rate, the country declared a lockdown which required people to stay at home especially the elderly and the minors. Many lost their jobs because businesses closed. Even the education system got affected. It shifted to distance learning modalities such as modular and online learning. Because of the spread of infection, hospitals are full. The last effect follows. Last year, Philippines was struck with CoVID-19 pandemic. Ever since, a lot has changed. Because infection rose at a high rate, the country declared a lockdown which required people to stay at home especially the elderly and the minors. Many lost their jobs because businesses closed. Even the education system got affected. It shifted to distance learning modalities such as modular and online learning. Because of the spread of infection, hospitals are full. Many got sick and some have died. It is summed up by a concluding statement. Last year, Philippines was struck with CoVID-19 pandemic. Ever since, a lot has changed. Because infection rose at a high rate, the country declared a lockdown which required people to stay at home especially the elderly and the minors. Many lost their jobs because businesses closed. Even the education system got affected. It shifted to distance learning modalities such as modular and online learning. Because of the spread of infection, hospitals are full. Many got sick and some have died. This is the new normal, and I wonder if we could possibly go back to how things used to be before the pandemic. I have here a short paragraph and a graphic organizer. I want you to read it and organize the ideas in the graphic organizer. When people cut down trees to clear land, they destroy the habitats of birds. This reduces the number of nest sites. As a result, fewer baby birds are hatched, and the bird population declines. Let’s check your work! The habitats of birds are destroyed.
The number of nest
People cut sites is reduced.
down trees. Fewer baby birds are
hatched.
The bird population
declines. Wow! You are definitely learning fast! I’m excited to see how you can write a paragraph on your own showing cause and effect relationship. Just remember the steps:
1. Determine the cause and the effect.
2. Organize the main idea and the supporting details. A graphic organizer can be a great tool for this. 3. Use transition or signal words to show cause and effect relationship. Rubrics for Scoring for Cause & Effect Paragraph Now, it’s your turn to write a paragraph showing cause and effect relationship. Your work will be graded using this scoring rubrics: Write a paragraph with at least 3 coherent sentences showing cause and effect. Use the graphic organizer as your guide. Write your answer in one half crosswise sheet of paper. Are you done? You may submit your work later. For now, I am going to show you how those information may be organized for your reference. Your answers do not have to be the same as the paragraph I will be showing. When people pollute rivers, they destroy the habitats of fish. This reduces the number of fish that can reproduce. As a result, fewer fish are born in fresh water, and the fish population declines. That’s it! We are done! You have learned how to write a paragraph showing cause and effect relationship. I hope to see you again on our next English 5 virtual class. Goodbye, kids!