TREE DATA STRUCTURE

TREE DATA STRUCTURE

A tree data structure organizes its elements in a

hierarchical manner, with each element represented by a
node. These nodes are connected by edges, forming a
structure akin to an inverted tree, where the root node sits
at the top and branches outwards as it extends downwards.
This hierarchical arrangement enables efficient organization
and retrieval of data, with the root node serving as the
starting point for accessing information within the structure.
 TREE DATA STRUCTURE

As the branches extend downwards, they create

a branching pattern, facilitating the representation of
relationships between different elements in the data.
This hierarchical organization makes trees particularly
useful for a wide range of applications in computer
science, including but not limited to database
management, file systems, and algorithm design.
 IMPORTANT TERMS

1. A node in a tree represents an element, containing a value and

potentially linking to parent and child nodes.
2. The root node is the highest node in a tree, serving as the
starting point for navigating the structure.
3. Nodes within a tree can be categorized as parent nodes, which
have children, and child nodes, which are linked to a parent.
4. A leaf node, or terminal node, is a node without any children,
located at the lowest level of the tree.
 IMPORTANT TERMS

5. A sibling node in a tree structure shares the same parent node as

other nodes at the same level.
6. A subtree consists of a node and all its descendants, forming a
smaller, self-contained tree within the larger structure.
7. Depth refers to the distance from a node to the root, while height
denotes the length of the longest path from a node to a leaf. The
overall height of the tree corresponds to the height of the root node.
8. A binary tree is a specialized form of tree where each node can have
up to two children, typically referred to as left and right children.
 WHY USE TREES?

Trees find extensive application in computational

tasks due to their inherent advantages in data
organization and retrieval. Their hierarchical
structure enables streamlined operations such as
searching, insertion, and deletion.
 WHY USE TREES?

• Hierarchical Structure: Trees naturally embody hierarchical

relationships, making them apt for organizing data with
parent-child associations.
• Efficient Search: Trees support efficient search algorithms
like binary search, AVL trees, and red-black trees, reducing
the computational complexity of search operations.
 WHY USE TREES?

• Balanced Operations: Balanced trees ensure that

operations like insertion, deletion, and retrieval maintain a
balanced structure, optimizing performance.
• Swift Insertion and Deletion: Trees facilitate rapid insertion
and deletion of elements while preserving the hierarchical
structure, making them suitable for dynamic datasets.
 WHY USE TREES?

• Sorted Storage: In binary search trees, elements are stored

in a sorted order, enabling efficient traversal and retrieval
of data in sorted sequences.
• Memory Efficiency: Compared to other data structures like
arrays and hash tables, trees demand relatively less
memory for storing hierarchical data.
• Diverse Applications: Trees find application across a broad
spectrum, including file systems, databases, network
routing algorithms, expression parsing, and more.
 TREE TRAVERSAL

Tree traversal involves systematically visiting each node

in a tree data structure exactly once. It's essential for
various operations like searching and sorting within
trees. There are two main categories:
 TREE TRAVERSAL

• Depth-First Traversal: This method explores as far as possible along

each branch before backtracking. It includes
• pre-order, in-order, and post-order traversals, each with its own
sequence of node visits.
PRE ORDER
IN ORDER
POST ORDER
 TREE TRAVERSAL

• Breadth-First Traversal: Also known as level-order traversal, it

systematically explores the tree level by level, visiting nodes from
left to right.