Limits of Transcendental Functions

Definition

Transcendental functions
- cannot be expressed as a sum, difference,
product, or quotient of algebraic expressions

- Exponential, logarithmic, and trigonometric

functions
Exponential Function

An exponential function is a function

written in the form:

where: is a real number (

E
 Theorem: Limit of An Exponential Function

The limit of an exponential function:

where
is a polynomial in
Theorem: Limit of An Exponential Function

The limit of an exponential function

(Euler number) :

where
is a polynomial in
 Limit of an Exponential Function
Example

1. Evaluate

2. Evaluate

3. Evaluate
 Limit of an Exponential Function
Example
1. Evaluate
 Logarithmic Function

A logarithmic function is a function of the

form:

“f(x) equals log x base b”

where: is a real number,)

Example :
Logarithmic Function

x n n x

“log x base b = n”
 Properties/Law of Logarithm
Example

Convert to exponential form:

1.
2. 2

3.
 Properties/Law of Logarithm
Example

Convert to logarithmic form:

1. 81 =
2.
3.
 Properties/Law of Logarithm

1. Product: 4. Identity:
logb() = logbx + logby logb() = 1
2. Quotient: 5. Zero:
logb() = logbx - logby logb() = 0
3. Power :
logb() = n logbx
 Properties/Law of Logarithm
Example

Apply the law of logarithm:

1. log 5x 3.

2. 4.

5.
Theorem: Limit of Natural Logarithmic Function

The limit of a logarithmic function;

where: is a polynomial in

b should be ,
 Limit of Logarithmic
Theorem: Function Function
Limit of Logarithmic

This theorem holds as well for the

logarithmic function of base , which is
called the natural logarithmic
function.

w
 Limit of a Logarithmic Function
Example

1. Evaluate

2. Evaluate

3. Evaluate

4. Evaluate
 Trigonometric Function

A trigonometric function
(also called a circular function) is a
function that represents the ratio of
the - and - coordinates in a unit
circle.
Trigonometric Function

csc 𝑥
Unit Circle
 Limit of Trigonometric Function

Let be a real number and be an integer.

 Limit of Trigonometric Function

Let be a real number and be an integer.

, for

, for
, for
, for
 Limit of TrigonometricFunction
Example

Evaluate the following limits.

1.

2.

3.
 Limit of TrigonometricFunction
Example

4.

5.

6.

7.
Thank You