Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry

University

Faculty:Chemistry Technology
Group:342.20E
Subject:Electrochemistry
Teacher:Vaqif Bagiyev
Student:Rauf Huseynov
Topic:Properties of Electrolyte Solutions
 Content:
What is electrolyte solution?

Coulomb's law

Electrolyte's Quality:

Enthalpy, Entropy, and Gibb’s Energy for Ions

Ionic Solutions
 An electrolyte solution is a
solution that generally contains
ions, atoms or molecules that have
lost or gained electrons, and is
electrically conductive. For this
reason they are often called ionic
solutions, however there are some
cases where the electrolytes are
not ions.

What is electrolyte solution?

 What is electrolyte solution?

For this discussion we will only consider solutions of ions. A basic

principle of electrostatics is that opposite charges attract and like
charges repel. It also takes a great deal of force to overcome this
electrostatic attraction.
➤ Electrolyte is a substance which when dissolve in water dissociate into
ions and its aqueous solutions conduct electric current.

➤ These are also called "electrolytic conductors"

➤ The electronic conductors, such as metals, conduct electric current by

transfer of electrons.

➤ When an electric current is passed through the electrolytic conductors

(such as solution of CuCl2 in water) the cations move towards the cathode
and anions move towards the anode.

➤ The process of decomposition of electrolyte by the passage of electric

current through its solution is called electrolysis.
 Coulomb's law
The general form of Coulomb's law describes the force of attraction
between charges:

where ε0 is the permittivity of free

space, such as in a vacuum
High-energy-density Lithium ion batteries
(LIBs), the major power source for portable
electronics.

High operation voltage create challenges for

battery components.

Electrolyte solvents with a high oxidation

potential help to mitigate above challenge.
 Electrolyte's Quality:
➤ Isolate the electron and ion
transport
pathways.
➤ Promote ion-pair dissociation.
➤ Penetrate and wet, the
electrodes and
separator.
➤Should not leak, combust or
vaporize.
➤ Chemically robust.
 Ions are not stable on their
own, and thus no ions can ever
be studied separately.
Particularly in biology, all ions
in a certain cell or tissue have a
counterion that balances this
charge. Therefore, we cannot
measure the enthalpy or
entropy of a single ion as we
can atoms of a pure element.
Enthalpy is the measurement of energy in a thermodynamic
system. The quantity of enthalpy equals to the total content
of heat of a system, equivalent to the system’s internal
energy plus the product of volume and pressure.

Entropy, the measure of a system’s thermal energy per unit

temperature that is unavailable for doing useful work.

Gibbs free energy is the free energy available in a system

to do work.
Standard Definitions of Enthalpy, Entropy,
and Gibb’s Energy for Ions:

Enthalpy Entropy Gibb’s Energy

 Ionic Solutions:
To express the chemical potential of an electrolyte in solution in terms of
molality, let us use the example of a dissolved salt such as magnesium

chloride, MgCl2

MgCl2 Mg2+ + 2Cl-

Thanks For Your Attention