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Transportation in
Animals and Plants
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TGT SCIENCE
 Circulatory System
• The organ system of the
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body that is responsible for
the transport of material
throughout the body is
called the circulatory
system.
• The materials transported
are nutrients, oxygen,
carbon dioxide etc.
• The medium of
transportation is blood.
• The primary parts of the
circulatory system are heart,
arteries and veins.
 Blood
• Blood is a fluid tissue that
transports nutrients and
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oxygen to the cells and

carries away carbon dioxide
and other waste products in BLOOD
our body.
• The fluid part of blood is
FORMED
called plasma and has PLASMA ELEMENTS

various salts and nutrients (CELLS)

dissolved in it.
RED BLOOD WHITE BLOOD
• Blood cells are suspended in CELLS (RBC) CELLS (WBC)
PLATELETS

plasma and they are

– Red Blood Cells (RBCs),
– White Blood Cells (WBCs)
– Platelets.
 COMPONENTS OF BLOOD
• Plasma
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– Plasma is the liquid component of the blood in which most of the blood cells are
suspended.
– It is mostly made up of water (up to 95%) and contains dissolved nutrients, carbon
dioxide and oxygen.
• RBC
– Red blood cells (RBC) present in the blood are responsible for the transport of oxygen
throughout the body.
– They contain a red pigment called haemoglobin, which binds with the oxygen.
– The reddish colour of the blood is due to haemoglobin.
• WBC
– The blood contains white blood cells (WBC), which are part of the immune system.
– They are like soldiers, which fight and kill germs that may enter the body.
• Blood Platelets
– Platelets are the smallest cells in the blood.
– By clumping together, they form a blood clot, preventing loss of blood due to bleeding.
 Blood Vessels

• Blood vessels are tubes that carry blood all over the body.
• Arteries, veins and capillaries are collectively called as blood vessels.
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• Arteries
– Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to the tissues.
– They carry oxygenated blood to the cells and tissues of our body.
– Pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.
– Arteries have thick elastic walls.
• Veins
– Veins are blood vessels that carry blood from the tissues to the heart.
– They carry deoxygenated blood from the cells and tissues of our body.
– Pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
– The veins have thin walls.
• Capillaries
– Capillaries are the smallest of the blood vessels.
– They help in exchange of materials.
– The fine network makes it easy for the process of diffusion of materials due to the increase
in surface area.
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Fig. Circulatory system

 HEART
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• The heart is an organ which beats continuously

to act as a pump for the transport of blood,
which carries other substances with it.
• The heart is located in the chest cavity with its
lower tip slightly tilted towards the left.
• Your heart is roughly the size of your fist.
• The two upper chambers are called the atria
(singular: atrium) and the two lower chambers
are called the ventricles.
 THE HUMAN HEART
AORTA
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LEFT
SUPERIOR VENA CAVA PULMONARY
RIGHT ARTERY
PULMONARY
ARTERY
PULMONARY
PULMONARY VEINS VEINS

RIGHT ATRIUM LEFT ATRIUM

LEFT VENTRICLE
RIGHT VENTRICLE
SEPTUM
INFERIOR VENA CAVA
SWASTIRANJAN SAHOO How is it possible to prevent
intermixing of oxygenated and
deoxygenated blood?
 Pulmonary Circulation
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The deoxygenated blood from the body enters to the right atrium.

As the right atrium contracts, right ventricle receives deoxygenated

blood.

Right ventricle pumps it to the lungs for oxygenation via pulmonary

artery.

Oxygenated blood comes back to the left atrium through pulmonary

veins.
 Systemic Circulation
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Oxygenated blood from lungs enters the left atrium.

It then contracts and blood flows to the left ventricle.

The blood is pumped to body by aorta when left

ventricle contracts.
 LUNGS

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Oxygenated
blood
Vena cava

Deoxygenated blood
RA LA
Deoxygenated

Oxygenated
blood

blood
Deoxygenated blood

RV LV

Aorta

BODY ORGANS
 PULSE RATE AND HEART BEAT
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• The number of beats per minute

is called the pulse rate.
• A resting person, usually has a
pulse rate between 72 and 80
beats per minute.
• Each heart beat generates one
pulse in the arteries and the
pulse rate per minute indicates
the rate of heart beat.
• The rhythmic beating of the of
the heart maintain circulation of
blood and transport of
substances to the different parts
of the body.
 EXCRETION IN ANIMALS
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• The process of removal of wastes produced in

the cells of the living organisms is called
excretion.
• The parts involved in excretion form the
excretory system.
• For human beings, the waste products are in
the form of carbon dioxide, urine and faeces.
 Excretory system in humans
• Kidneys
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– Our body’sSAHOO
main excretory organs are the kidneys.
– There is a pair of kidneys present on either side of the spine.
– Kidney is a bean-shaped organ, reddish in color.
– It contains millions of tiny tubules that act as microscopic filters and filter out the useful
and harmful substances from the blood.
– The useful substances are again reabsorbed back into the blood and only harmful
substances are concentrated.
– These harmful substances are present in a dissolved state in water and now it is called as
urine.
– Urine is excreted out of the body. Thus, kidneys act as filters of our body.
• Ureters
– Urine is sent from the kidneys to the urinary bladder through tubes called ureters.
• Urinary Bladder
– The urinary bladder is a muscular bag where urine is accumulated and excreted from the
body through the urethra.
– It can hold about 300-500 mL urine for a while before the urge to empty occurs.
• Dialysis
– Dialysis is the artificial filtering of blood outside the human body using a machine, when
both the kidneys fail.
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• An adult human being normally passes about 1–1.8

L of urine in 24 hours. The urine consists of 95%
water, 2.5% urea and 2.5% other waste products.
• Fishes excrete ammonia which directly dissolves in
water.
• Some land animals like birds, lizards, snakes excrete
a semi-solid, white colored compound (uric acid).
• The major excretory product in humans is urea.
 Transportation in Plants
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– Plants absorb water and

minerals by the roots. The
roots have root hair.
– The root hair increase the
surface area of the root Root
for the absorption of hair
water and mineral
nutrients dissolved in
water.
– The root hair is in contact
with the water present Xylem vessels
between the soil particles.
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• Plants have pipe-like
vessels to transport
water and nutrients from
the soil.
• The vessels are made of
special cells, forming the
vascular tissue.
• A tissue is a group of cells
that perform specialized
function in an organism.
• Phloem
– Phloem is the plant tissue that transports the soluble
organic material created during photosynthesis from the
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leaves to the other parts of the plant.

• Xylem
– Xylem is the plant tissue that transports the water and
other nutrients from the roots to other parts of the plant.
• Transpiration
– Transpiration is the loss of water in the form of water
vapor from stomata present on leaves.
– This process also helps the plants absorb and distribute
water through their roots.
– Transpiration exerts a straw-like effect and the water
moves up against gravity in tubes made of xylem cells.
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