Fractures and Fracture

Healing
PRESENTED BY: KAREN P. TAMAYO
A fracture of bone is simply a
break in the continuity of a
bone. Types of
Fractures: Simple Open

1. Simple Fracture- Skin over

the fracture site is unbroken.

2. Open Fracture- wound from the

exterior contacts the bone at the
point of the fracture.
 Greenstick Complete

3. Greenstick Fracture- one side of the

bone is broken or splintered, and the
other side only bent.

4. Complete Fracture- bone is broken

entirely across
Physeal Comminuted
5. Physeal Fracture- occurs at the
junction of an epiphysis and the diaphysis
of a bone.
6. Comminuted Fracture- bone is
splintered or crushed, producing small
fragments.
 Fracture Healing
Process
Fracture healing process
involves:
blood clot formation, callus
production, and remodeling.
Blood Clot Formation
When the fracture occurs, blood
vessels rupture, forming a clot
invaded by connective tissue cells
forming Granulation tissue.
Granulation tissue- mass of tissue
consisting largely of fibroblast and
capillaries.
Phagocytes- also known as the
white blood cells comes in and
help clean and remove dead cells
and any germs. And Osteoclasts
will take care dead bone
fragments.
Osteoclasts- break down bone
tissue.
Callus Formation
Osteoblasts produce
osteoid tissue (callus) that
fills the gap between
broken ends, forming an
effective splint.
 Callus Remodeling
Remodeling of the callus to
form a typical bone shaft
with a marrow cavity
completes the healing
process.
Things that can impair
proper healing:
● Age of the animal
● Blood supply to the bone
● Degree of correction necessary
● Presence or absence of infection
● Amount of damage to
surrounding tissues
 Grafting or
Transplanting Bone
Autogenous graft- sourced from
the same animal receiving the
graft.

Allograft- another animal of the

same kind.
 Other Pathologic
Conditions
Pathology- study of diseases,
investigating their causes,
characteristics, and effects on
tissues, organs, and bodily
functions.
Tuberculosis and Osteomyelitis
- bone infection. Osteomyelitis often
caused by bacteria entering through the
bloodstream or wounds.
Benign Tumors (Osteoma, Chondromas)
- slow-growing bone tumors originating
from bone cells or cartilage cells.
Exostoses- bony growths responding to
prolonged irritation on the bone surface.
Osteogenic sarcomas- malignant tumors.
Fast-growing, potentially fatal tumors,
commonly near bone ends.
Sarcoma- general term for malignant
tumors originating from mesodermal
tissues like connective tissue.
Osteodystrophy- abnormal bone
development often linked to calcium and
phosphorus regulation.
Rickets and Osteomalacia- conditions of
inadequate mineralization causing weak
and flexible bones, often due to vitamin
D deficiency.
Achondroplasia- hereditary condition
where metaphyses fuse early, resulting
in increased bone diameter. Also known
as DWARFISM