THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT

OF LIFE
CELL-FUNCTIONAL UNIT OF LIFE

 Living organisms carries out most of its

functions in its cells.
Division of labour' is a term
that describes the specialised
functions of cell organelles
which come together to ensure
the cell is capable of surviving
as well as performing it's role
in the body.
cells

Modified cell
theory
naked
cell
 PPLO-0.1-1 micron
 Ostrich egg-3 pounds and 6 inches
1665-ROBERT HOOKE
 Cells were first discovered by _________ in
the year_________
 He observed cells in a___________
1674
1.Leeuwenhoek discovered the________
With the help of _________ microscope.
2.He observed ______cells in pond water for
the first time in the year_________
 Name the scientist who discovered the
nucleus in the cell?
1839

 Purkinjie coined the term ‘protoplasm’

 What is protoplasm?
 Name the scientist who coined the term
protoplasm.
1838,1839,1855
 Cell theory
 All the plants and animals are composed of
cells.
 Cell is the basic unit of life
 Modified cell theory
 All living organisms are composed of cells
 All cells arising from preexisting cells.
 Name the biologists who proposed cell
theory?
 Name the biologist who expanded cell
theory?
 State the modified cell theory.
ASSIGNMENT

 PREPARE A TIMELINE OF CELL THEORY

 1.Are shape of nerve cells similar or different
 in a rabbit and an elephant.
The size and shape of the cell
has no relation with the size of
an organism.
Assignment

 Name the largest cell in human body?

 Draw and label smallest and largest cell in
human body.
 Two processes help for the movement of
substances in and out of a cell
 1. Diffusion
 2. Osmosis
 In diffusion, particles move from an area of
higher concentration to one of lower
concentration until equilibrium is reached. In
osmosis, a semipermeable membrane is
present, so only the solvent molecules are
free to move to equalize concentration.
 scent of perfume filling a whole room
 plant root hairs taking up water
Isotonic
 Isotonic solution is the solution that has the
same concentration of solute in both
surrounding solution and solution inside the cell.

 There is no movement of solvent as there is an

equilibrium between the surrounding solution
and inside of the cell.
Hypertonic

 Hypertonic solution:
 If the surrounding solution has a higher solute
concentration compared to inside the cell,
then it is called a hypertonic solution.

 In this condition the solvent moves from the

cell to the outside.
Hypotonic

 Hypotonic solution:
 If the solution in the surrounding has a lower
solute concentration as compared to the
solute concentration inside the cell, then the
solution is called hypotonic.

 The solvent moves from the surrounding

towards the cells.
ASSIGNMENT-1

 1.What is active transport?

 2.Differentiate osmosis and diffusion.
 3.How o2 and co2 transported in and out of
the cell?
ASSIGNMENT

 Write some examples of osmosis from real

life.
Endocytosis

 The flexibility of the cell membrane helps the

cell to engulf the food and also other
materials from the external environment.
Such a process is called endocytosis.
 2.CELL WALL
 •Cell wall is non-living, thick and freely
permeable covering made up of cellulose.
 Functions:
 •It determines the shape and rigidity to the
plant cell.
 •It helps in the transport of various
substances in and out of the cell.
 .NUCLEUS
 •Nucleus is dense and spherical
 organelle.
 •Discovered by Robert Brown.
 •Nucleus is bounded by two
 membranes, both forming nuclear
 envelope.
 •Nuclear envelope contains many pores
 known as nuclear pores.
 •The fluid which present inside the

CELL ORGANELLES

 Cytoplasm contains many specialized cell

organelles. Each of the cell organelle perform
a specific function for the cell.
 They are enclosed by membranes in
eukaryotes.
 Why viruses don't show any characteristics of
life?
 Large and complex cells including
multicellular organisms need a lot of
chemical activities to support their
complicated structure and function
 To keep these activities separate from each
other these cells use membrane bound little
structures called cell organelles within the
cell.
Lysosomes:
ANIMALS
vacuoles
 CELL DIVISION
 Two types
 Mitosis-Equational division-somatic cells(body
cells)

 Meiosis-Reduction division-Reproductive cells for

the formation of gametes.