MATERIAL ENGULFMENT

CRITICAL CONTROL MANAGEMENT

June 2023
AGENDA

1. Objectives of the Training

2. Review of critical incident caused by Material Engulfment
3. Critical Control Management – Material Engulfment

2
Training objectives

1. To raise awareness about potential risks and hazards caused by material

engulfment
2. To understand the key measures and practices to eliminate and /or
control these risks
 Introduction
Why focus on Material engulfment?
Material engulfment can cause FATALITY

4
 CRITICAL CONTROL #1 CRITICAL CONTROL #2

EARLY DETECTION, PREVENTION AND MAINTENANCE SYSTEM CONTROL & ISOLATE ENERGY SOURCE
 CRITICAL CONTROL #3 CRITICAL CONTROL #4

ONLY WORK ABOVE MATERIAL LEVEL ALWAYS ATTACHED TO A LIFELINE

Early Detection, Prevention and Maintenance System

• Follow a defined maintenance and cleaning

schedule

• Use tools and technology to complete work

from outside

• Control internal moisture to reduce hardening

Early Detection, Prevention and Maintenance System
Q ) Specific objectives of early detection, prevention and maintenance system:

Regular inspection, maintenance and cleaning to avoid human entry

Q) What are the Critical Control Performance Requirements:

a) Moisture control

b) Inspection, maintenance and cleaning thresholds defined and followed for all
material/transfer

c) Evaluate and assess material inside of material storage/ transfer space to determine
location and volume

d) Use of remote equipment/technology to remove blockage/ clean materials

Q) What is the Critical Performance trigger for shutdown, critical control review or investigation?

Human entry into material storage/transfer space cleaning threshold exceeded

Control & Isolate Energy Sources

• All energy sources identified and documented

• Lock-out, tag-out and test-out completed by

authorized persons.

• Poke holes are in the right location to remove

blockages and small enough to prevent material
escape
Control & Isolate Energy Sources
Q ) Specific objectives of barriers, railings & covered openings:

All relevant energy sources are controlled through lock-out, tag-out, test-out

Q) What are the Critical Control Performance Requirements:

a) Relevant energy sources are identified, documented and can be controlled

b) Relevant energy sources are isolated, locked, tagged and tested for “no energy” to prevent
unwanted release

c) Maintain adequate number/size/location/shape for poke holes

Q) What is the critical control performance trigger for shutdown, critical control review or
investigation

Work activities completed on material storage/transfer spaces (whether entering or done from
outside) with any energy isolation step missing or incorrect
Only Work Above Material Level

• Know the amount, location and condition of

material before considering entry
• Access equipment and PPE is certified and
inspected
• Work from the top down, with certified
equipment
• Entry has been authorized through permit -
to - work
Only Work Above Material Level
Q) What are the specific objectives for:

If material storage/ transfer space must be entered as absolute last resort, then entrants remain above
material level

Q) What are the critical performance requirements to meet the objectives?

a) Material level and location are known prior to entry

b) Cleaning work access is done from the top down. If standing on material is required,
cavities eliminated and a flat/covered surface prepared

c) Equipment used is certified and suitable for entrants to work top down without risk of
falling or engulfment

d) Entrants to the material storage/transfer spaces are trained and certified and work is
authorized by permit-to-work in advance

Q) What is the critical control performance trigger for shutdown, critical control review or
investigation?

a. Entry into space with entrant below material level or not authorized entry

b. Lack of formal project plan for Silo cleaning activity

Always Stay Attached to a Lifeline
• Rescue plan is written, tested, approved and
communicated with rescuers ready
• Entrants are continuously monitored by
dedicated attendant with 2-way
communication
• Entrants wear full-face respiratory protection
Always Stay Attached to a Lifeline
Q) What is the specific objective for personal fall protection equipment?

All entrants are attached to a certified lifeline that is continuously monitored by a dedicated
attendant. All involved are prepared for an emergency

Q) What are the critical performance requirements to meet the objective?

1) Approved plan for rescue from outside the space in the event of an emergency (non-
entrant rescue)

2) All entrants to the space wear full face respiratory protection

3) Rescue teams are aware of the nature and location of the work and are on stand-by

4) Entrants are continuously monitored by a dedicated attendant who maintains 2-way

communication

Q) What is the critical control performance trigger for shutdown, critical control review or
investigation?

Entrant does not have a lifeline attached, rescue plan does not include extraction from
outside or entrants not continuously monitored/attended with 2-way communication