Introduction to

Changes in Matter
The world around us is constantly undergoing changes in the physical and
chemical properties of matter. From the water cycle to chemical reactions,
understanding the different ways matter can transform is essential for scientific
exploration.

by Reinaliza Ferraro
States of Matter: Solid, Liquid, Gas
1 Solid 2 Liquid 3 Gas
Particles arranged in a Particles have more Particles are widely spaced
fixed, orderly pattern with freedom to move, but are and move freely in all
limited movement. still close together. directions.
Phase Changes: Melting, Boiling,
Condensation
1 Melting
The transition from solid to liquid as heat is applied.

2 Boiling
The transition from liquid to gas as heat continues to be added.

3 Condensation
The transition from gas to liquid as heat is removed.
Physical and Chemical Changes
Physical Changes Chemical Changes

Changes in the physical properties of a substance Changes that involve the rearrangement of atoms to
without any change in its chemical composition. form new substances with different chemical
properties.
Factors Affecting Changes in Matter
Temperature Pressure
Changes in temperature can drive physical and Pressure can alter the rate and direction of
chemical changes. chemical reactions.

Catalysts Surface Area

Catalysts speed up chemical reactions without Increasing surface area can enhance the rate of a
being consumed themselves. reaction.
Reversible and Irreversible Changes

Reversible Changes Irreversible Changes

Changes that can be undone, like melting and Changes that cannot be undone, like burning and
boiling. rusting.
Everyday Examples of Changes in Matter

Melting Ice Baking Bread Rusting Metal Boiling Water

The transition from A complex chemical An irreversible chemical The transition from
solid to liquid water. reaction involving reaction between iron liquid to gas as water
ingredients like flour, and oxygen. reaches its boiling point.
yeast, and heat.
Conclusion and Key Takeaways

Understanding the various changes that matter can undergo is essential for
understanding the world around us. From the states of matter to reversible and
irreversible changes, these concepts have wide-ranging applications in science,
technology, and everyday life.