Apollo Belvedere vs Mengs’s Parnassus (1761, Villa Albani)

Pompeii, Italy

Pompeii
Mt. Vesuvius erupted in 79 C.E.

Excavation began in 1748

Plaster body cast of victim killed by

toxic fumes during the eruption of
detail, Villa of the Mysteries, 1st c. C.E., Mount Vesuvius, 79 C.E.
Pompeii, Italy
Pompeii, Italy
 Winckelmann Art Historial Periods
older style Archaic
high/sublime Classical
beautiful Late Classical
imitators Hellenistic

Roman copy after bronze by Roman copy after an original

Kouros, c. 610-600 Polykleitos, Doryphoros Roman copy of a 1st or 2nd c. BCE Greek
bronze by Lysippos, The Man
BCE, marble, (Spear Bearer), 450-440 BCE, original, The Laocoön Group, c. 1st c. CE,
Scraping Himself, c. 350-325
originally painted, marble Classical marble Hellenistic
B.C.E., marble, 6’9” Late Classical
76” Archaic
Roman Copy (c. 130-10 C.E.) after a Greek Original by Leonchares (c. 330 B.C.E.), Apollo Belvedere, marble
with traces of pigment, 2.24 m (Museo Pio-Clementino, Vatican City, Collection of Pope Julius II)
Belvedere: Italian for beautiful view.
Raphael, Parnassus, 1510-11, fresco, Vatican, Stanza della Segnatura , 670 cm
Raphael, Parnassus, 1510-11, fresco Raphael, Disputa, 1509, fresco

Pope Julius II hired Raphael to paint three

lunettes about the liberal arts, philosophy and
science, and religion for his Stanza della Segnatura
(Room of the Signatures where the Pope signed bulls
or documents and had a library) in the Vatican,
Rome.

←Raphael, School of Athens, 1509, fresco

 Anton Raphael Mengs, Parnassus, Villa Albani, Rome, 1761, fresco
on the ceiling
Raphael, Parnassus, 1510-11, Vatican, Stanza della Segnatura ,
670 cm

Mount Parnassus, located in central Greece, was believed was sacred to Apollo (god of poetry, music, and arts)
and the nine muses.
 Anton Raphael Mengs, Parnassus, Villa Albani, Rome, 1761, fresco

Roman Copy (c. 130-10 C.E.) after a Greek Original by

Leonchares (c. 330 B.C.E.), Apollo Belvedere, marble with traces
of pigment, 2.24 m (Museo Pio-Clementino, Vatican City)
 lyre & laurel branch (symbols of artistic accomplishment

Mnemosyne: mother of the muses ↓

23.1 Anton Raphael Mengs, Parnassus, Villa Albani, Rome, 1761, fresco
“noble simplicity & calm grandeur”

The muses hold their attributes (various arts) and the models for them were friends of the cardinal.