LITERATURE

REVIEW
NU-BU PROJECT 2024
Water Quality Index Detection and
Prediction using Remote Sensing Data,
Mapping with UAV/IOT Data for
Selected Water Body
BACKGROUND STUDY FOR
THE ASSIGNED DEFINITION
INTRODUCTION
Water quality is crucial for human health, aquatic ecosystems, and socio-economic
activities. Traditional assessment methods, involving manual sampling and lab analysis,
are time-consuming and costly.

REMOTE SENSING IN WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT

Remote sensing captures information without direct contact. In water quality assessment,
satellite-based remote sensing is extensively employed for large-scale monitoring of spatial
and temporal variations in water bodies.

UAV TECHNOLOGY FOR HIGH-RESOLUTION DATA

Satellite-based remote sensing provides broad coverage but may lack the required spatial
resolution for detailed water quality assessments.
INTEGRATION OF IOT FOR REAL-TIME MONITORING
The Internet of Things (IoT) significantly improves water quality monitoring through real-
time data collection and transmission.

WATER QUALITY INDEX (WQI) AS A COMPREHENSIVE METRIC

The Water Quality Index (WQI) consolidates various indicators into a single value,
offering a comprehensive assessment of water quality.
NEED ANALYSIS/MOTIVATION
NEED ANALYSIS

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
THE DEGRADATION OF WATER QUALITY POSES A SIGNIFICANT THREAT TO
BOTH ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN HEALTH. THERE IS A PRESSING NEED TO
MONITOR AND MANAGE WATER QUALITY TO MITIGATE ADVERSE
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND ENSURE THE SUSTAINABILITY OF WATER
RESOURCES.

RESOURCE EFFICIENCY
Traditional methods of water quality assessment are often resource-intensive, involving
manual sampling and laboratory analysis. Implementing efficient and cost-effective
technologies such as remote sensing, UAVs, and IoT can streamline the monitoring
process, leading to better resource utilization.
REAL TIME MONITORING
Timely access to water quality data is crucial for making informed decisions. The
traditional methods, being time-consuming, may not provide the real-time information
needed for prompt responses to emerging water quality issues. The integration of advanced
technologies enables continuous and real-time monitoring, addressing this critical need.

SPATIAL RESOLUTION
LARGE-SCALE ASSESSMENTS THROUGH SATELLITE-BASED REMOTE
SENSING MIGHT LACK THE NECESSARY SPATIAL RESOLUTION FOR
DETAILED EVALUATIONS, ESPECIALLY IN SMALLER WATER BODIES. THE
NEED FOR LOCALIZED AND ACCURATE MEASUREMENTS CALLS FOR THE
INTEGRATION OF UAVS WITH HIGH-RESOLUTION CAPABILITIES.
MOTIVATION

HUMAN HEALTH AND SAFETY

Water quality directly impacts human health. Ensuring clean and safe water is essential for
preventing waterborne diseases and safeguarding public health.

ECOSYSTEM PRESERVATION
AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS ARE HIGHLY SENSITIVE TO CHANGES IN WATER
QUALITY.

TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS
The motivation also arises from the excitement of harnessing cutting-edge technologies
such as remote sensing, UAVs, and IoT.
DATA DRIVEN DECISION MAKING
The motivation to integrate technology into water quality monitoring is fueled by the
desire for data-driven decision-making.

PUBLIC AWARENESS
A MOTIVATION LIES IN CREATING AWARENESS AMONG THE PUBLIC AND
POLICYMAKERS ABOUT THE IMPORTANCE OF WATER QUALITY.
RESEARCH GAP
IDENTIFICATION
Despite significant strides
in water quality
assessment using remote
sensing, UAV, and IoT
technologies, a research
gap exists in the absence
of a unified approach for
accurate water quality
index detection and
prediction.
Current studies have focused
on specific aspects, revealing
challenges in atmospheric
correction, data fusion, and
parameter prediction accuracy.
A holistic framework is needed
to overcome these limitations
and provide a more integrated
methodology.
PROBLEM FORMATION
• The identified research gap
underscores the need to develop
an integrated and efficient system
for water quality assessment.
• Current methods face challenges
related to atmospheric
interference, limited spectral
ranges.
• The lack of a unified methodology for
combining remote sensing, UAV, and
IOT data hampers the creation of a
robust water quality index for accurate
detection.
• Additionally, the need for addressing the
limitations of existing models, and
developing an adaptable system for
different water bodies becomes evident.
PROPOSED OBJECTIVES FOR
RESEARCH CONTRIBUTION
DEVELOP AN INTEGRATED
FRAMEWORK
Formulate a unified framework that
seamlessly integrates remote sensing data,
UAV imagery, and IOT data for water
quality assessment in a selected water
body.
ENHANCE ATMOSPHERIC
CORRECTION TECHNIQUES
Improve existing atmospheric correction
algorithms or propose new techniques to
mitigate the impact of atmospheric
interference on remote sensing data,
especially in regions prone to cloud cover
and aerosols.
OPTIMIZE DATA FUSION
STRATEGIES
Investigate and develop efficient data
fusion strategies that leverage the
strengths of remote sensing, UAV, and
IOT data to enhance the accuracy and
spatial resolution of water quality
parameter predictions.
VALIDATE AND REFINE
PREDICTIVE MODELS
Validate and refine predictive models
for water quality parameters using ML
and AI algorithms, considering the
complexities observed in different
environmental contexts.
 ASSESS THE IMPACT OF
DESIGN SCALABLE MONITORING
INTEGRATION
SYSTEMS
Evaluate the impact of integrating
Design a scalable and adaptable
remote sensing, UAV, and IOT data on
monitoring system that can be applied to
the accuracy and reliability of water
various water bodies, taking into account
quality index detection and prediction
variations in size, geographical
compared to traditional methods
characteristics, and water quality
dynamics.
ADDRESS ETHICAL AND
PRIVACY CONSIDERATIONS
EXPLORE REAL TIME MONITORING
Address ethical and privacy
WITH IOT
considerations associated with the
Investigate the potential of real-time
collection and sharing of water quality
water quality monitoring through the
data, ensuring that the proposed
integration of IOT devices, enabling
system complies with relevant
continuous data collection and analysis
regulations and guidelines.
for timely decision-making.
LITERATURE
REVIEW TABLE
 THANK YOU

20BCE130 - KIRTAN SAVANI

20BCE221 - SHREY PATEL