OSGOOD-SCHRAMM

MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION
GROUP 5
THIS IS A MODEL OF COMMUNICATION IN WHICH
THE SENDER AND THE RECEIVER ENGAGE IN A
CIRCULAR WAY , AS OPPOSED TO A LINEAR WAY.
BOTH THE RECEIVER AND THE SENDER EXCHANGE
ROLES AND GIVE EACH OTHER FEEDBACK WHICH
COMPLETES THE PROCESS. THE MODEL HAS
VARIOUS FEATURES INCLUDING A SENDER WHO IS
THE SOURCE OF THE MESSAGE AND A RECEIVER
WHO INTERPRETS THE MESSAGE . THE MESSAGE IS
THE COMMUNICATION FROM THE SENDER TO THE
RECEIVER. LASTLY, THERE IS FEEDBACK WHICH IS
THE MESSAGE THAT A RECEIVER SENDS BACK TO A
SENDER.
SENDER (ENC ODER ) - THIS IS THE PERSON WHO SENDS (ENCODES) HIS/HER
MESSAGE.

Receiver (de code r) - T his is the person who receives (decodes) the message from the
sender.

Interpre ter - person trying to understand, perceive or analysis the message.

Message – this is the message being shared between both the parties.

Semantic ba rrie r - fie ld of experience, beliefs, background, and beliefs that

influence se nder and re ceiver to interprets their message. When semantic noise
takes pla c e dec oding be comes difficult and people get diverged from the actual
message .
CHARLES
OSGOOD
• In 1954 Charles E. Osgood presented the
theory of meaning. Wilbur Schramm
changed this theory of meaning into a
model and after this model became the
Circular Model of communication.

• Charles E. Osgood was an American

Psychologist who developed the
technique of measuring the ‘connotative
meaning’ of the concept, known as
semantic Differential. Osgood was born
in Somerville, Massachusetts and did his
PhD from Yale University.
WILBUR
SCHRAMM
• Wilbur Schramm was a scholar and also
known as the authoritarian of Mass
Communication. He was a great influencer
of mass communication and was the one
who established the departments of mass
communication studies across the
universities of the United States.He was
the first person who called himself a
communication Scholar. Schramm did a
pilot project called Mass Communication
Program for his PhD in Lowa University. .
 THE OSGOOD AND SCHRAMM MODEL IS ABOUT TWO
WAY OF COMMUNICATION BETWEEN SENDER AND
RECEIVER.

OSGOOD POP ULARIZED THE STATEMENT THAT

COMMUNICATION IS CIRCULAR RATHER LINEAR, WHICH
REQUIRES SENDER AND RECEIVER FOR S HARING THEIR
INFORMATION.

SCHRAMM TALKED ABOUT THIS MODEL IN HIS BOOK

CALLED THE PROCES S AND EF FECT OF COMMUNICATION.
HE ADAPTED THIS MODEL TO MAKE THEORY. HE ADDED
THE NOTION OF F IELD OF EXPERIENCE IN HIS THEORY.
FIELD OF EXPERIENCE AS SIMILATES A MUTUAL
UNDERSTANDING OF BOTH THE PARTIES.
THE MODEL HAS FOUR KEY PRINCIPLES:

(1) COMMUNICATION IS CIRCULAR NOT LINEAR;

(2) COMMUNICATION IS USUALLY EQUAL AND

RECIPROCAL;

(3) MESSAGES REQUIRE INTERPRETATION;

(4) THERE ARE THREE STEPS FOR

COMMUNICATING: ENCODING, DECODING AND
INTERPRETING.