Tuberculosis (TB)

(‫یٹ یب) تپ دق‬

 What is TB?
• Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that can
affect any part of your body, most commonly your
lungs.
• It can cause serious illness and death if it’s not
treated. TB is caused by the
bacterium mycobacterium tuberculosis.
There are 2 types of TB:
Latent TB infection — this is when someone is infected
with TB but does nKKot get sick, because their immune
system is able to control the infection.

Active TB disease — this is when the TB bacteria multiply

and the immune system is not able to control them. Active
TB causes symptoms.
 How is tuberculosis spread?
TB can be spread when a person with active TB
disease releases germs into the air through coughing,
sneezing, talking, singing or even laughing.
 Diagnosis and Tests
Chest X-ray
Sputum test
Skin test
Blood test
Other lab test
Chest X-ray
Sputum tests
Skin test
 Other lab tests

Other lab tests that may be ordered include:

Breath test.
Procedure to remove sputum from your lungs with a
special tube.
Urine test.
Test of the fluid around the spine and brain, called
cerebrospinal fluid
 TREATMENT

Tuberculosis can be cured by taking antibiotics

TB treatment lasts at least six months.
Treatment for TB is usually a mixture of four
antibiotics:
Isoniazid
Rifampicin
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
If you have an active TB disease you will
probably be treated with a combination of
antibacterial medications for a period of
six to 12 months. The most common
treatment for active TB is isoniazid INH in
combination with three other drugs—
rifampin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol
 Side effect of TB medicines
Itchy skin
skin rashes, bruising or yellow skin
upset stomach, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea or loss of appetite
lack of feeling or tingling in the hands or feet
changes in your eyesight, particularly changes in red or green
colour vision
dark coloured urine
yellow eyes.
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