Swami Vivekanand Pratishthan’s

Swami Vivekanand Academy

CBSE Aff.No.1130673
Name : Jasim Naim Ansari
STD : 9 Div : A
Subject : Information Technology
Topic : Internet Connectivity Option
Teacher Name : Swati Jagdale
 Acknowledgement

I would like to convey my heartfelt gratitude to Mrs.Swati Jagdale for

her tremendous support and assistance in the completion of my
project.I would also like to thank our principal,Mr.Sumit Das,for
providing me with their wonderful opportunity to work on a project
with the topic Internet Connectivity Option.The completion of the
project would not have been possible without their help and insight.

Jasim Ansari
 INDEX
• Introduction • Satellite Internet
• Wired Options • Satellite Internet Connections
• Wireless Options • Internet Cable
• Factors To Consider Connectivity • Internet Cable Connections
• DSL Option • Mobile Broadband
• DSL Connections • Dial Up Connections
• Broadband • Mobile Data Plans
• Broadband Connections • Data Plans Points
• Fiber Optic Technology • Right Option of Internet
• Fiber Optic Connections • Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
In an era dominated by digital connectivity, choosing the
right internet connection is crucial. From traditional DSL
and cable to cutting-edge fiber optics and satellite
technology, the options are diverse. This project serves
as a succinct exploration of these connectivity avenues,
shedding light on their features, benefits, and suitability
for different needs. By unraveling the intricacies of
internet connectivity, we aim to empower individuals
and businesses to make informed decisions in navigating
the digital realm.
Wired Options

DSL (Digital Subscriber Line): Utilizes existing telephone

lines to transmit data. It's widespread but can have speed
limitations based on distance from the provider's central
office.
cable Internet: Relies on the same coaxial cables that
deliver cable television. It tends to offer faster speeds than
DSL but can suffer from slowdowns during peak usage
times.
Fiber Optic Internet: Utilizes thin glass or plastic cables to
transmit data as light signals. Fiber optic internet offers the
fastest speeds available and is less susceptible to
slowdowns due to distance or congestion.
 Wireless Options
Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity): Wi-Fi is the most common wireless
internet connection method used in homes, businesses, and
public spaces. It allows devices to connect to a local area
network (LAN) wirelessly, typically via a router or access
point.
Mobile Hotspot: Many smartphones and dedicated hotspot
devices can create a Wi-Fi network that other devices can
connect to for internet access. This is useful when you're on
the go and need internet connectivity for your laptop or
tablet.
Fixed Wireless: Fixed wireless internet involves a receiver
installed at your location that communicates with a nearby
tower. It's commonly used in rural areas where wired
internet options are limited or unavailable.
 Factors to Consider Connectivity
• Speed: Choose based on your required bandwidth.
• Reliability: Opt for a stable connection with minimal downtime.
• Coverage: Ensure the provider serves your area reliably.
• Cost: Consider installation, monthly fees, and additional charges.
• Data Limits: Check for data caps or throttling.
• Latency: Low latency is vital for gaming and video calls.
• Scalability: Ensure the option can grow with your needs.
• Technology: Assess pros and cons of DSL, cable, fiber, etc.
• Support: Quality customer service is crucial for issue resolution.
• Security: Look for robust measures against cyber threats.
• Bundled Services: Evaluate if bundling offers cost savings.
• Contract Terms: Review contract length and termination fees.
• Feedback: Consider user reviews for insights on performance.
 Digital Subscriber Line Option

DSL, or Digital Subscriber Line, is a high-

speed internet technology that uses
traditional copper telephone lines. It
offers decent speeds but can vary
depending on factors like distance from
the exchange. DSL is more common in
rural areas and tends to be more
affordable than options like cable or
fiber-optic internet.
DSL Connections
ADSL (Asymmetric DSL): Offers faster download speeds
than upload speeds, suitable for activities like web
browsing and streaming.
VDSL (Very High Bitrate DSL): Provides higher speeds
than ADSL and is often used for services like IPTV and
online gaming.
SDSL (Symmetric DSL): Offers equal upload and
download speeds, beneficial for activities like video
conferencing and uploading large files.
 Broadband

Broadband refers to high-speed internet access that is always

on and faster than traditional dial-up access. It allows users
to access the internet, stream videos, download files, and
more at much higher speeds. Broadband can be delivered
through various technologies, including DSL (Digital
Subscriber Line), cable, fiber-optic, satellite, and wireless
connections. It has revolutionized the way people
communicate, work, and access information, enabling faster
and more reliable connectivity for individuals and businesses
alike.
Broadband Connections
High-speed access: Broadband provides faster data transmission rates
compared to dial-up connections, facilitating quick access to online
content.
Diverse technologies: Broadband encompasses various technologies such
as DSL, cable, fiber-optic, satellite, and wireless, each with its own
method of delivering internet access.
DSL: Utilizes existing telephone lines to deliver internet access, offering a
reliable and widespread option for broadband connectivity.
Cable broadband: Leverages the same infrastructure as cable television,
providing high-speed internet access through coaxial cables.
Fiber-optic: Delivers data through thin glass or plastic fibers, offering
unparalleled speed and reliability, albeit usually in more limited
geographic areas.
Satellite: Offers internet access via satellites in geostationary orbit,
making it a viable option for remote areas where traditional wired
connections are not available
 Fiber Optic Technology
Fiber optics transmit data using light
signals through thin glass or plastic
fibers. They offer high-speed
transmission, large bandwidth,
immunity to electromagnetic
interference, and enhanced security.
They're durable and used in
telecommunications, medicine, military,
and data networking.
Fiber Optic Connections

Cables: Thin strands of glass or plastic

transmit light signals.
Transmitters and Receivers: Convert electrical
signals to light and vice versa.
Connectors: Precisely join cables and devices
for efficient data transfer.
Optical Network Terminal (ONT): Converts
optical signals for customer use.
Multiplexing: Techniques like WDM increase
data transmission efficiency.
Types: Single-mode for long distances,
multimode for shorter ones.
 Satellite Internet

Satellite internet uses satellites to

provide internet access, making it
available in remote areas. It has
slower speeds and higher latency
than other types of internet.
There are often data caps and it
can be affected by weather.
Installation involves mounting a
dish.
Satellite Internet Connections

Satellite internet connects users via

satellites orbiting Earth.
Provides coverage in remote areas lacking
traditional broadband.
Typically slower speeds and higher latency
than other options.
May have data caps and be affected by
weather.
Installation involves setting up a satellite
dish.
 Internet Cable
Cable connections, like Ethernet, fiber
optic, USB, HDMI, and others, link devices
for data or video/audio transmission. They
vary in type, speed, and usage, with
Ethernet for network connections, fiber
optics for high-speed data, USB for device
connectivity, HDMI for video/audio, and
others for specific purposes
 Internet Cable Connections
• Connector Type: Ethernet cables use RJ45 connectors, which have eight pins.
• Twisted Pair: Wires inside Ethernet cables are twisted to reduce interference.
• Categories: Cables are categorized by performance (e.g., Cat5e, Cat6).
• Speed: Different categories support varying speeds (e.g., Cat5e up to 1 Gbps).
• Backward Compatibility: Higher categories work with lower category devices.
• Crimping: Needed to create custom-length cables.
• Length Limit: Typically around 100 meters.
• Color Coding: Wires are color-coded according to standards (T568A/B).
• Shielding: Some cables are shielded for protection against interference.
• Patch vs. Crossover: Patch cables for regular connections; crossover cables for
direct device-to-device connections.
 Mobile Broadband Connections
• Mobile broadband connections provide internet access through cellular networks. Here's a
concise overview:

• Cellular Networks: Mobile broadband relies on cellular networks operated by telecommunications

companies.
• Wireless Modems: Devices like smartphones, USB dongles, or portable hotspots connect to
cellular networks to access the internet.
• Data Plans: Users subscribe to data plans offered by mobile carriers, which determine data limits,
speeds, and costs.
• Coverage: Availability depends on the reach of cellular networks, varying between urban and
rural areas.
• Speed: Speeds can vary based on network technology (e.g., 3G, 4G, 5G), signal strength, and
network congestion.
• Portability: Mobile broadband offers flexibility, allowing users to access the internet on the go.
• Data Usage: Users should monitor data usage to avoid exceeding data caps, which may result in
additional charges or throttled speeds.
 Dial Up Connections
• Dial-up was the dominant method of accessing the internet in the 1990s and
early 2000s.
Modem: Needed a modem to translate digital data into analog signals for
transmission over phone lines.
Phone Line: Connected to the internet through a standard telephone line.
Dialing In: Computer dialed a phone number associated with the Internet Service
Provider (ISP).
Connection: Modem established a connection with the ISP's server, negotiating
speed and protocol.
Usage: Could browse the internet, send emails, chat, and download files, albeit
slowly.
Disconnection: Ended the session when finished, or if receiving a phone call,
freeing up the phone line.
 Mobile Data Plans

Mobile data plans are subscriptions offered by cellular network

providers, granting users access to the internet on their mobile devices.
These plans typically include a set amount of data per month,
measured in gigabytes (GB). Depending on the plan chosen, users may
experience different connection speeds, such as 4G or 5G. The cost of a
mobile data plan varies based on factors like data allowance, speed,
and additional features such as unlimited calls or texts. Users can utilize
their mobile data for browsing the web, using apps, streaming videos,
and more. However, exceeding the data allowance may result in
reduced speeds or extra charges. The quality and availability of service
depend on the coverage provided by the cellular network in the user's
area.
 Data Plans Points
• Mobile data plans vary depending on the provider and the region, but here's
some general information:
Data Allowance: Determines the amount of data you can use monthly, typically
measured in GB or MB.
Speed: Varies based on plan; higher speeds usually cost more.
Coverage: Check provider's coverage map for signal reliability.
Price: Varies depending on data amount and speed; discounts may apply for bundles
or contracts.
Data Rollover: Some plans allow unused data to carry over to the next billing cycle.
Throttling: Speed reduction may occur if data limit is exceeded.
Add-Ons: Additional data or features like international roaming may be available for
extra cost.
 Choosing Right Option of Internet
• Choosing the right internet option depends on factors like the type of
service available, speed requirements, price, contract terms,
customer service reputation, data limits, bundle options, and future
expansion needs. Research and compare providers to make an
informed decision.
 Conclusion
• Selecting the ideal internet connectivity option involves assessing
various factors such as service availability, speed requirements,
pricing, contract terms, customer service reputation, data limits,
bundle options, and future scalability needs. By thoroughly
researching and comparing providers, individuals can make informed
decisions tailored to their specific requirements and preferences.