“IF YOU DON’T KNOW

WHERE
YOU ARE GOING,
THEN ANY ROAD
WILL TAKE YOU THERE”
PLANNING IS A PROCESS BY WHICH IT MUST BE
DECIDED BEFOREHAND :

•WHAT MUST BE DONE

•HOW IT MUST BE DONE

•WHEN IT MUST BE DONE

•BY WHOM IT MUST BE DONE

WHY PLAN?
•IT LEADS TO CO-ORDINATED ACTION
•IT ENCOURAGES PROACTIVE STEPS
•IT GIVES DIRECTION
•IT ANTICIPATES THE FUTURE
•IT REDUCES RISK
•IT PROMOTES CO-OPERATION
•IT IS THE FOUNDATION FOR THE OTHER
MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS
WHY MANAGERS DO NOT PLAN?
•SENIOR MANAGEMENT REFUSES TO
PLAN
•IT IS TIME CONSUMING
•PREFERENCE FOR ACTION
•UNCERTAINTY ABOUT THE FUTURE
•FEAR OF FAILURE
•LACK OF ORGANISATIONAL
KNOWLEDGE
•LACK OF KNOWLEDGE OF THE
ENVIRONMENT
•LACK OF TRUST
•CONFLICT WITH MANAGEMENT STYLE
•RESISTANCE TO CHANGE
•FEW IMMEDIATE RESULTS
KINDS OF PLANNING

STRATEGIC PLANNING :
•FUTURE PLANNING
•LONG-TERM PLANNING (3-5 YEARS)

TACTICAL PLANNING :
•HERE AND NOW PLANNING
•SHORT TERM PLANNING
(DAY/WEEK/MONTH/YEAR)