SOFTWARE

TWO MONTHS SOFTWARE TRAINING

TRAINING REPORT
UNDERTAKEN AT
“CAD /CAM TECHNOLOGIES AMBALA”
IN
“MECHANICAL ENGINEERING”
ON
“SOLIDWORKS”
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULLFILLMENT OF THE DEGREE
OF
BACHOLER OF TECHNOLOGY
IN

PUNJAB COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,LALRU

SUBMITTED TO:- SUBMITTED BY:-

DR.BEANT SINGH BINOD KUMAR THAKUR
(HOD, ME) ROLL NO:-1317807
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I express my profound gratitude to our H.O.D and all the faculty members of
the Mechanical Department for taking pains to guide me in the preparation of
this project report. It is a previlege to express my heartist thanks to all
members of CAD/CAM TECHNOLOGIES , Ambala Cantt. for their valueable
suggestions and constructive criticism was like a bacon light and becomes a
source of inspiration during my preparation of this project report.

Name:- Binod Kumar Thakur

Roll No.:- 1317807

 PREFACE

CAD/CAM is a term which means Computer Aided Design & Computer Aided
Manufacturing. It is the technology concerned with the use of digital computers
to perform certain functions in design and production. Electronics brains in
the form of microprocessors are parts of cars we drive, the planes in which we
fly, the televisions we watch and the automated tools we use to produce such
products. The Computer Aided Design or CAD systems are used to design such
products.

The CAD hardware typically includes computer, one or more

graphics display terminals, keywords and other peripheral equipment. The
CAD software consists of the computer programs to facilitate the engineering
functions of the user company. Examples of these application programs
include stress-strain analysis of components, dynamics response of
mechanisms, heat transfer calculations and customers markers are different.

These factors give rise to differences in CAD systems requirements.

Ultimately CAD/CAM will provide the technology base for the computer-
integrated factory of the future.
 AutoCAD

AutoCAD, developed by Autodesk Inc., is the most popular PC – CAD system

available in the market for 2D only. This design package is a general purpose
computer aided design and drafting application for your computer. The speed
and ease with which a drawing can be prepared and modified using a computer
offer a phenomenal advantage over manual.

Here I’m going to mention a few of the applications for which AutoCAD
is being used today:-

 Architectural drawings of all kinds.

 Drawings for Electronics, Chemical, Civil, Mechanical, Automotives
and Aerospace engineering applications.

AutoCAD Screen

Various components of the initial AutoCAD screen are drawing area, command
window, menu bar, several toolbars, model and layouts, and the status bar
(Fig. 1). A title bar that has AutoCAD symbol and the current drawing name is
displayed on top of the screen.

Figure 1 AutoCAD Screen

 SCREEN COMPONENTS

Drawing Area

The drawing area covers the major portion of the screen. Here we can draw the
objects and use the commands. To draw the objects, we need to define the
coordinate points, which can be selected by using our pointing device

Command Window

Figure 2 Command Window

The command window at the bottom of the drawing area has the command
prompt where we can enter the commands. It also displays the subsequent
prompt sequences and the messages. We can change the size of the window by
placing the cursor on the top edge and then dragging it

Application Status Bar

Figure 3 Application Status Bar

The Status Bar is displayed at the bottom of the screen (Fig. 3). It contains
some useful information and buttons that will make it easy to change the
status of some AutoCAD functions. We can toggle between on and off states of
most of these functions by choosing them.

➢ Coordinates
The coordinates information is displayed on the left corner of the Status Bar.
We can select this coordinate button to toggle between on and off states. If the
COORDS system variable controls the type of display of coordinates.

➢ Snap Mode
The snap mode allows you to move the cursor in fixed increments. If snap
mode is on, the Snap Mode button is chosen in the Status Bar; otherwise it is
not displayed.
➢ Grid Display
The grid lines are used as a reference lines to draw objects in AutoCAD. If the
Grid Display button is chosen, the grid lines are displayed on the screen.

➢ Ortho Mode
If the Ortho Mode button is chosen in the Status Bar, we can draw lines at
right angles only.

➢ Polar Tracking
If we turn the polar tracking on, the movement of cursor is restricted along a
path based on set as the polar angle settings. Choosing the Polar Tracking
button in the Status Bar turns it on. Remember that turning the polar tracking
on, automatically turns off the ortho mode.

➢ Object Snap
When the Object Snap button is chosen in the Status Bar, we can use the
running object snaps to snap a point.

➢ Allow/Disallow Dynamic UCS

Choosing the button allows or disallows the use of dynamic UCS. Allowing the
dynamic UCS ensures that the XY plane of the UCS got dynamically aligned
with the selected face of the model.

➢ Dynamic Input
The Dynamic input button is used to turn the Dynamic Input on or off.
Turning it on facilitates the heads-up design approach because all commands,
prompts and the dimensional inputs will now be displayed in the drawing area
and we do not need to look at the command prompt all the time. This saves the
design time and also increases the efficiency of the user.

➢ Show/Hide Lineweight
Choosing this button in the Status Bar allows you to turn on or off the display
of lineweights in the drawing.
➢ Model
The Model button is chosen by default because you are working in the model
space to create drawings.

➢ Annotation Scale
The annotation scale controls the size and display of the annotative objects in
the model space. The Annotation Scale button has a drop-down list that
displays all the annotation scales available for the current drawing.

➢ Annotation Visibility
This button is used to control the visibility of the annotative objects that do not
support the current annotation scale in drawing area.

➢ Automatically Add Scale

This button, if chosen, automatically adds all the annotation scales that are set
current to all the annotative objects present in the drawing.

➢ Quick Properties
If you select a sketched entity when this button is chosen in the Status Bar,
the properties of selected entity will be displayed in a panel.

COMMANDS

LINE

Line command is used to draw a continuing series of line segments, but each
line segment is a separate object. We can invoke the LINE command from the
Draw toolbar, as shown in fig. 4

Figure 4 Draw Toolbar

We can also invoke the LINE command by entering LINE or L at the command
prompt. Once you have invoked the LINE command, the next prompt, the
Specify first point, requires us to specify the starting point. After first point is
selected, AutoCAD will prompt you to enter the second point at the Specify
next point prompt. At this point we may continue to select points or terminate
the LINE command by pressing ENTER, ESC, or the SPACEBAR. The prompt
sequence of invoking LINE command is as follows:

Command: LINE > Enter

Specify first point: Move the cursor (mouse) and left click to specify the first
point.

Specify next point or [Undo]: Move the cursor and left click to specify the second
point.

Specify next point or [Undo]: Specify the third point.

Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: Enter.

(Press ENTER to exit LINE command.)

XLINE

The XLINE command can be used to draw construction or projection lines.

These lines are the lines that aid in construction or projection and are drawn
very lightly, when manually drafting. An xline (construction line) is a 3D line
that extends to infinity at both ends. As the line is infinite in length, it does not
have any end points. The prompt sequence of invoking the XLINE command is
as follows:

Command: XLINE > Enter

Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bsect/Offset]: Specify an option or select a

point through which the xline will pass.

PLINE

The PLINE command is used to draw a polyline. A polyline is a line that has
different features. The term POLYLINE can be broken into two parts: POLY and
LINE. POLY means “many”. This signifies that a poly line can have many lines.
Some features of polylines are listed next.

Polylines can be thick lines with a desired width. They are very flexible and can
be used to draw any shape, such as a filled circle or a doughnut.

Polylines can be used to draw objects in any line type.

Advanced editing commands can be used to edit them (for example, the PEDIT
command).
The command prompt for invoking the PLINE command is as follows:

Command: PLINE < Enter

Specify start point: Specify the starting point or enter its coordinates.

Current line width is nn.nnn

Current line width is nn.nnn is displayed automatically, which indicates the

width of the polyline drawn. If we need a different width, invoke the Width
option at the next prompt and set it. Next the following prompt is displayed.

Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: Specify next point

or enter an option.

POLYGON

A regular polygon is a closed geometric figure with equal sides. The number of
side varies from 3 to 1024. For example, a triangle is a three sided polygon and
a pentagon is a five sided polygon. In AutoCAD, the POLYGON command is
used to draw regular 2D polygons. A polygon is said to be inscribed when it is
drawn inside an imaginary circle and its vertices touch the circle. Likewise, a
polygon is circumscribed when it is drawn outside imaginary circle and sides
of polygon are tangent to circle. We can easily choose one option from these two
available options during the invoking process. The prompt sequence of
invoking POLYGON command is given next.

Command: POLYGON < Enter

Enter number of sides <4>: Enter a value between 3 and 1024.

Specify center of polygon: Specify the center point or enter its coordinates.

Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle]: Enter I or C.

Specify radius of circle: Specify the radius of circle, which will inscribe or
circumscribe the polygon.

RECTANGLE

The RECTANGLE command is used to draw rectangles in AutoCAD. We can

draw rectangles by specifying two opposite corners of the rectangle, by
specifying the area and the size of one of the sides, or by specifying the
dimensions of rectangles. The prompt sequence of invoking RECTANGLE
command is as follows:
Command: RECT < Enter

Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]:

Specify first corner point or enter its coordinates.

Specify other corner point or [Area/Dimensions/Rotation]: Specify opposite

corner point or enter its coordinates.

ARC

An arc is defined as a part of a circle. In AutoCAD, it can be drawn using the

ARC command. AutoCAD provides eleven different options to draw an arc. To
view these options, click on Draw option in the Menu Bar, a flyout option will
appear as shown in fig. 5

Figure 5 Options in Menu Bar for Creating an Arc

The default setting is for creating a three point arc. The command prompt for
invoking ARC command is as follows:
Command: ARC < Enter
Specify start point of arc or [Center]: Specify first point of arc or enter its
coordinates.

Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]: Specify the through point for arc or
enter its coordinates.

Specify the end point of arc: Specify the end point or enter its coordinates.

CIRCLE

The CIRCLE command is used to draw circles. AutoCAD provides six different
options to draw a circle. To view and choose from the available options, click on
Draw option in the Menu Bar, a flyout will appear as shown in fig. 6

Figure 6 Options in Menu Bar for creating a Circle

The default setting is for creating a circle with Center and Radius option. The
other options can be invoked by entering the appropriate letter in the command
window or by the method stated earlier. The prompt sequence for invoking
CIRCLE command is stated next.
Command: CIRCLE < Enter

Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: Specify center
point or enter its coordinates.

Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]: Enter the required value of radius.

ELLIPSE

If a circle is observed from an angle, the shape is called an ellipse, which can
be created in AutoCAD using the ELLIPSE command. An ellipse can be created
by two different options and these options are grouped together in the Draw
option of the Menu Bar as shown in fig.7

Figure 7 Options in Menu Bar for creating an Ellipse

The default setting is for creating an ellipse with Axis and End point option.
The Other options can be invoked by entering the appropriate letter in the
command window or by method stated above. The prompt sequence for
invoking ELLIPSE command is stated next.
Command: ELLIPSE < Enter

Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center]: Enter coordinates of axis end

point or choose an option.

Specify other endpoint of axis: Specify other end point or enter its coordinates.

Specify distance to the other axis or [rotation]: Specify the half length of second
axis.

ERASE

After drawing some objects, you may need to erase some of them from the
screen. To erase, we can use ERASE command in AutoCAD. This command is
used exactly the same way as an eraser is used in manual drafting to delete
unwanted information. We can invoke ERASE command from the Modify
toolbar

Figure 8 Modify Toolbar

When we invoke the ERASE command, a small box, known as pick box,
replaces the screen cursor. To erase an object, move the pick box so that it
touches the object. Select the object. AutoCAD confirms the selection by
changing the selected objects into dashed lines and the select objects prompt
returns again. We can continue selecting objects or press ENTER to terminate
object selection and erase the selected objects. The prompt sequence is given
next.

Command: ERASE < Enter

Select objects: Select first object.

Select objects: Select second

object.

Select objects: Enter

COPY

The COPY command is used to copy an existing object. This command makes
copies of the selected objects and places them at specified locations, but the
orignals are left intact. In this command we need to select the objects and
specify the base point. Next we need to specify the second point, this point is
where we want the copied objects to be placed. The prompt sequence that is
followed when you invoke COPY command is given next.

Command: COPY < Enter

Select objects: Select objects to copy.

Select objects: Enter

Specify base point or [Displacement/mOde] <Displacement>: Specify base

point.

Specify second point or <use first point as displacement>: Specify a new

position on the screen using pointing device or entering coordinates.

Specify second point or [Exit/Undo] <Exit>: Enter

MIRROR
The MIRROR command creates a mirror copy of the selected objects. The
objects can be mirrored at any angle. This command is helpful in drawing
symmetrical figures. This command is available in Modify toolbar but it can be
invoked by using command window as well. When we invoke this command,
AutoCAD prompts us to select the objects and then the mirror line.

After we select the objects to be mirrored, AutoCAD prompts you to enter

the first point of mirror line and the second point of mirror line. A mirror line is
an imaginary line about which objects are reflected. We can specify the end
point of mirror line by specifying points on screen or by entering their
coordinates. The mirror line can be selected at any angle. The prompt sequence
of invoking MIRROR command is given next.

Command: MIRROR < Enter

Select objects: Select objects to be mirrored.

Select objects: Enter

Specify first point of mirror line: Specify the first endpoint.

Specify second point of mirror line: Specify the second endpoint.

Delete source objects? [Yes/No] <N>: Enter Y for deletion, N for retaining the
objects.
 OFFSET

To draw parallel lines, concentric circles, arcs, curves, and so on, we can use
the OFFSET command. This command creates another object that is similar to
the selected one. Remember that we are allowed to select only one entity at a
time to be offset. While offsetting an object, we can specify the offset distance
and the side to offset, or we can specify a distance through which you want to
offset the selected object. The prompt sequence which follows when we invoke
OFFSET command using command window is given next.

Command: OFFSET < Enter

Specify offset distance or [Through/Erase/Layer] <Through>: Specify the offset

distance.

Through Option

Using this option we do not need to specify a distance; we simply specify an

offset point and the distance between them is stored as offset distance.

Erase Option

The Erase option is used to specify whether the source object has to be deleted
or not.

Layer Option

Use the Layer option to specify whether the offset entity will be placed in the
current layer or the layer of source object.

Specify the object to offset or [Exit/Undo] <Exit>: Specify the object to offset.

Specify point on side to offset or <Exit/Multiple/Undo>: Specify a point on side

to offset.

Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] <Exit>: Select another object to offset or

press Enter.

ARRAY

An array is defined as the method of creating multiple copies of the selected

object and arranging them in a rectangular or circular fashion. In some
drawings, we may need to specify an object multiple times in a rectangular or
circular arrangement. For example, suppose you have to draw six chairs
around a table. This job can be accomplished by drawing each chair seperately
or by using the COPY command tomake multiple copies of the chair. But it is a
very tedious process and also the alignment of the chairs will have to be
adjusted. Using ARRAY command, all we need to do is create just one chair
and the remaining five will be created and automatically arranged around the
table by the ARRAY command. This method is more efficient and less time-
consuming.

ARRAY command can be invoked by different methods such as from Modify

toolbar, or by making use of the Command Window, or from the Modify option
of Menu Bar.

RECTANGULAR ARRAY

A rectangular array is formed by making copies of the selected object along the
X and Y directions of an imaginary rectangle (along rows and columns). It can
be created by selecting the Rectangular Array button in the array dialog box
(fig. 9) that appears on invoking ARRAY comand.

ROWS

This edit box is used to specify the number of rows in rectangular array.

COLUMNS

This edit box is used to specify the number of columns in the rectangular
array.

Figure 9 Rectangular Array option in Array dialog box

Offset distance and direction Area

The options under this area are used to define the distance between the rows
and the columns and the angle of array.

Row Offset. This edit box is used to specify the distance between the rows.
We can either enter the distance value in this edit box or choose the Pick Row
Offset button to define the row offset distance by specifying two points on
screen.

Column Offset. This edit box is used to specify the distance between the
columns. We can either enter the distance value in this edit box or choose the
Pick Column Offset button to define the column offset distance by specifying
two points on screen.

Angle of Arrray. This edit box is used to define the angle of array. This is
the value by which the rows and columns will be rotated.

POLAR ARRAY

A polar array is an arrangement of the objects around a point in a circular

fashion. This kind of array is created by selecting the Polar Array button in the
Array dialog box (fig. 10) that appears on invoking ARRAY command.

Figure 10 Polar Array option in Arrray dialog box

CENTER POINT

The center point of the array is defined as the point around which the selected
items will be arranged. It is defined as the center point of the imaginary circle
on whose circumference the items will be placed. The coordinates of the center
of array can be specified in the X and Y edit boxes. We can either enter the
values in these edit boxes or select the center point of array from the screen
using Pick Center Point button.

Method and values Area

The options under this area are used to set the parameters related to the
method that will be employed to create the polar array.

Method. This drop-down list provides us three methods for creating the
polar array.These three methods are discussed next.

Total number of items & Angle to fill. This method is used to create a
polar array specifying number of items in array an the total included angle
between the first and the last item. The number of items and the angle to be
filled can be specified in the Total number of items and Angle to fill edit
boxes respectively. We can also specify the angle to fill on screen by choosing
Angle to fill button provided.

Total number of items & Angle between items. This method is used
when we want to create a polar array by specifying the total number of items in
the array and the included angle between two adjacent items. The angle
between items is also called as incremental angle. The number items and the
angle between the items can be specified in the Total number of items and
Angle between items edit boxes,respectively. We can also specify theangle
between items on the screen by choosing Angle between items button.

Angle to fill & Angle between items. This method is used when we want
to specifyangle between the items and total angle to fill. In this case the
number of items is not specified, but is automatically calculated using the total
angle and angle between the items. The angle to fill and the angle between the
items can be entered in their respective boxes.

MOVE

Sometimes the objects are not located where they should actually be. In
these situations, we can use the MOVE command. This command allows you
to move one or more objects from their current location to a new location. This
change
of location of the objects does not change their size or orientation. On invoking
this command we are prompted to select objects to be moved and the base
point. This base point is the reference point with which the object will be
picked and moved.

ROTATE

Sometimes we requires an object or any sketch in angular position.the. In

these situations, we can use the ROTATE command. This command allows you
to rotate one or more objects from their current location to a specific angle.
This change of of the objects does not change their size. On invoking this
command we are prompted to select objects to be rotated and the base point.
This base point is the reference point with which the object will be rotated.

SCALE

With the use of this command, we can increase or decrease the size of any
object or a sketch. Sometimes we requires an object in numbers, only with the
difference of sizes. So in this situation, we can use the SCALE command. This
command allows you to scale one or more objects from the selected base point.
On invoking this command we are prompted to select objects to be scaled and
the base point. This base point is the reference point with which the object will
be scaled.

STRETCH

With the use of this command, we can increase or decrease the size of some
selected part of any object in a specific direction. In this command, the sketch
is stretched as much we required. Sometimes we requires an object in
numbers, only with the difference of sizes some part of the sketched object. So
in this situation, we can use the STRETCH command. This command allows
you to stretch the objects from the selected base point. On invoking this
command we are prompted to select the portion to be scaled with the help of
green window and the base point. This base point is the reference point with
which the object will be stretched.

TRIM

With the use of this command, we can remove the line or any sketched entity.
In this command, the sketch is trimmed as much we required. It removes the
extra drawn line or sketch as per our specific requirement. This command
allows you to trim the objects from the selected side. On invoking this
command, we have to right click in the drawing area and we are prompted to
left click on the portion to be trimmed.

EXTEND

With the use of this command, we can increase the line the line upto the
specific point or location. In this command, the sketch is extended as much we
required. It removes the extra drawn line or sketch as per our specific
requirement. On invoking this command, we have to right click in the drawing
area and we are prompted to left click on the portion to be extend.

BREAK AT A POINT

With the use of this command, we can break the line at a point where we
required. In this command, the sketch is broken from that point where we
required. We can create the number of break points as much we required. On
invoking this command, we have to select the line and after that click on that
point from where we want to break the selected line, after using this command
the line or any selected entity will be converted into numbers.

BREAK

With the use of this command, we can break the line with a specific distance or
upto a specific point as much we required. On invoking this command, we
have to select the point on the line and after that click on that point upto
where we want to break the line. After using this command on the line or any
selected entity, there will be space between the slelected points in the line or
entity.

JOIN

With the use of this command, we can join the line drawn or placed in the
same plane. On invoking this command, we have to select the first line and
after that second line placed at the same plane and then right click. After using
this command , there will be no space between the lines or entities.

CHAMFER

This command is used for removing the sharp corners. On invoking this
command, we have to press A then ENTER, after that fill the distance and then
ENTER, then fill the value of ANGLE and ENTER, after that select the line on
which we want to create the chamfer.
 FILLET

This command is used for removing the sharp corners. On invoking this
command, we have to press R then ENTER, after that fill the value and then
ENTER, after that select the lines on which we want to create the radius.

REGION

This command is used for converting the relation of LINE into POLYLINE.
Before using this command the sketch should be closed from all sides. On
invoking this command, we have to select all lines and then right click.

EXPLODE

This command is used for converting the relation of POLYLINE into LINE. On
invoking this command, we have to select the POLYLINE and then right click.

3D MODELING TOOLBARS

➢ MODELING

➢ ORBIT

➢ SOLID EDITING

➢ UCS

➢ VIEW

➢ VISUAL STYLES
 Solidworks

Introduction

It is a program that is used to create precision 3D computer model. It is a fully

parametric CAD program. This means that the geometry of features on a part
have to be fully specified in terms of size, shape, orientation and location.

During training we would use Solidworks 2012 version of dassault systems

from France.

Modules in Solidworks

Sketch module

Part module

Surface module

Assembly module

Mechanism module

Sheet metal
Mold cavity

Weldments

Drafting

Rendering

Tools in
Modules
used:

Extrude & extrude cut

Revolve & Revolve

Cut Sweep & swept

cut Loft & loft cut

Fillet & chamfer

Dome

Pattern tool

Reference geometry

Draft

Shell

Mirror

Curve

3d
sketc
h

Flex

Cavity

Join

Combine

Move & copy

Split
Offset surface

Trim & extend surface

Thickness surface

Filler surface

Mate tool

New motion study

Exploded view

Motor (rotary) mechanism

Gear mechanism
Pulley mechanism

Cam follower (roller) mechanism

Flange
U-bend & unbend

Generating Views in projection (in both angle projections)

Generating drafting complete with all specifications

Sketch Module

It is used only for 2D drawings but has one extra feature to create 3D sketch
which works on all the 3 Planes.
Part module

In this module all components are designed with no limit thickness & make
any product having simple design before to manufacture the product on CNC
or through by Mold Cavity.

Sheet Metal

In this we apply only sheet metal operations like Piercing, Blanking, means we
use maximum use of Dies to generate shape.

Surface Module

The module which is used to design outermost layer of component, it has

unique feature that has negligible thickness by virtue of it we can mold it in
complex shape.
Assembly Module

The components which are designed in different modules like part, surface,
sheetmetal & other to assemble it here in this module so can check exact
specifications & tolerances.

This also helps to view in exploded view.

Mechanism Module:

This module is used to check the applied mechanism is working properly or

not. In this we run rotary mechanism, gear mechanism with spur gear only,
belt mechanism with open belt drive, Cam mechanism with roller follower only.
Drafting

This is used for generating drafting & BOM but we learn only drafting view not
BOM.

Tools:

Extrude & Extrude Cut

To giving height & cutting out of material the extrude & extrude cut is used
through extrude we will give 3rd dimension along z-direction.

Revolve & cut:

Component made in this is spherical or circular so this is used.

Sweep & cut:

This is used where trajectory changes but section remains unchanged.

Loft & cut:

Where trajectory remains unchanged but section must changes.
Click each of the tabs at the top of the left panel and see how the contents of
the

window changes.

The rightmost panel is the

Graphics Area, where you

create and manipulate the

part, assembly, or

drawing.

2 Look at the Graphics

Area. See how the

dumbbell is represented.

It appears shaded, in color

and in an isometric view.

These are some of the

ways in which the model

can be represented very

realistically.

Toolbars

Toolbar buttons are shortcuts for frequently used commands. You can set
toolbar

placement and visibility based on the document type (part, assembly, or

drawing).

SolidWorks remembers which toolbars to display and where to display them for
each

document type.

1 Click View, Toolbars.

A list of all toolbars displays. The toolbars with their icon

depressed or a check mark beside them are visible; the

toolbars whose icons are not depressed or without a
check mark are hidden.

2 Turn several toolbars on and off to see the commands.

CommandManager

The CommandManager is a context-sensitive toolbar that dynamically updates

based on

the toolbar you want to access. By default, it has toolbars embedded in it based
on the

document type.

When you click a button in the control area, the CommandManager updates to
show that

toolbar. For example, if you click Sketch in the control area, the sketch tools
appear in the

CommandManager.

Use the CommandManager to access toolbar buttons in a central location and

to save

space for the graphics area.

Model

Graphics

area

Left panel displaying the FeatureManager design tree

control area

Lesson 1: Using the Interface

6 Student’s Guide to Learning SolidWorks Software

Mouse Buttons

Mouse buttons operate in the following ways:

Left – Selects menu items, entities in the graphics area, and objects in the

FeatureManager design tree.

Right – Displays the context-sensitive shortcut menus.

Middle – Rotates, pans, and zooms the view of a part or an assembly, and pans
in a

drawing.

Shortcut Menus
Shortcut menus give you access to a wide variety of tools and commands while
you work

in SolidWorks. When you move the pointer over geometry in the model, over
items in the

FeatureManager design tree, or over the SolidWorks window borders, right-

clicking pops

up a shortcut menu of commands that are appropriate for wherever you

clicked.

You can access the "more commands menu" by selecting the double-down
arrows in

the menu. When you select the double-down arrows or pause the pointer over
the doubledown

arrows, the shortcut menu expands to offer more menu items.

The shortcut menu provides an efficient way to work without continually

moving the pointer to the main pull-down menus or the toolbar buttons.

Getting Online Help

If you have questions while you are using the SolidWorks software, you can
find answers in several ways:

Click Help on the Standard toolbar.

Click Help, SolidWorks Help Topics in the menu

bar. While in a command, click Help in the dialog.

SolidCAM

It is a program that is used to create programming (G & M codes) for 3D

model. It is a fully parametric CAM program. This means that the geometry of
features on a part have to be fully specified in terms of size, shape, orientation
and location.

During training we would use SolidCAM 2011 version of SolidCAM from Israel.

This software’s used by MNCs for generating of codes for various CNC
machines But we learn only VMC with tool knowledge & generate programe for
Facing, Volume Roughing & tools used on it are End mill cutter with 4 flutes.

G-code (also RS-274), which has many variants, is the common name for the
most widely used numerical control (NC) programming language. It is used
mainly in computer-aided manufacturing for controlling automated machine
tools. G-code is sometimes called G programming language, not to be confused
with LabVIEW's G programming language.

In fundamental terms, G-code is a language in which people tell computerized

machine tools how to make something. The how is defined by instructions on
where to move, how fast to move, and through what path to move. The most
common situation is that, within a machine tool, a cutting tool is moved
according to these instructions through a toolpath, cutting away excess
material to leave only the finished workpiece. The same concept also extends to
noncutting tools such as forming or burnishing tools, photoplotting, additive
methods such as 3D printing, and measuring instruments.

G-codes are also called preparatory codes, and are any word in a CNC program
that begins with the letter G. Generally it is a code telling the machine tool
what type of action to perform, such as:

Rapid move (transport the tool through space to the place where it is needed
for cutting; do this as quickly as possible)

Controlled feed move in a straight line or arc

Series of controlled feed moves that would result in a hole being bored, a
workpiece cut (routed) to a specific dimension, or a profile (contour) shape
added to the edge of a workpiece

Set tool information such as offset

Switch coordinate systems

There are other codes; the type codes can be thought of like registers in a
computer.

Students and hobbyists have pointed out over the years that the term "G-code"
is imprecise. It comes from the literal sense of the term, referring to one letter
address and to the specific codes that can be formed with it (for example, G00,
G01, G28). But every letter of the English alphabet is used somewhere in the
language. Nevertheless, "G-code" is established as the common name of the
language.

Machine code or machine language is a set of instructions executed directly by

a computer's central processing unit (CPU). Each instruction performs a very
specific task, such as a load, a jump, or an ALU operation on a unit of data in a
CPU register or memory. Every program directly executed by a CPU is made up
of a series of such instructions.

Numerical machine code (i.e., not assembly code) may be regarded as the
lowest-level representation of a compiled or assembled computer program or as
a primitive and hardware-dependent programming language. While it is
possible to write programs directly in numerical machine code, it is tedious and
error prone to manage individual bits and calculate numerical addresses and
constants manually. It is thus rarely done today, except for situations that
require extreme optimization or debugging.

Almost all practical programs today are written in higher-level languages or

assembly language and translated to executable machine code by utilities such
as compilers, assemblers and linkers. Programs in interpreted languages[1] are
not translated into machine code although their interpreter (which may be seen
as an executor or processor) typically consists of directly executable machine
code (generated from assembly or high level language source code).

CNC G codes

G00 - Positioning at rapid speed; Mill and Lathe

G01 - Linear interpolation (machining a straight line); Mill and Lathe
G02 - Circular interpolation clockwise (machining arcs); Mill and Lathe
G03 - Circular interpolation, counter clockwise; Mill and Lathe
G04 - Mill and Lathe, Dwell
G09 - Mill and Lathe, Exact stop
G10 - Setting offsets in the program; Mill and Lathe
G12 - Circular pocket milling, clockwise; Mill
G13 - Circular pocket milling, counterclockwise; Mill
G17 - X-Y plane for arc machining; Mill and Lathe with live tooling
G18 - Z-X plane for arc machining; Mill and Lathe with live tooling
G19 - Z-Y plane for arc machining; Mill and Lathe with live tooling
G20 - Inch units; Mill and Lathe
G21 - Metric units; Mill and Lathe
G27 - Reference return check; Mill and Lathe
G28 - Automatic return through reference point; Mill and Lathe
G29 - Move to location through reference point; Mill and Lathe (slightly
different for each machine)
G31 - Skip function; Mill and Lathe
G32 - Thread cutting; Lathe
G33 - Thread cutting; Mill
G40 - Cancel diameter offset; Mill.
Cancel tool nose offset; Lathe
G41 - Cutter compensation left; Mill. Tool nose radius compensation left;
Lathe
G42 - Cutter compensation right; Mill. Tool nose radius compensation
right; Lathe
G43 - Tool length compensation; Mill
G44 - Tool length compensation cancel; Mill (sometimes G49)
G50 - Set coordinate system and maximum RPM; Lathe
G52 - Local coordinate system setting; Mill and Lathe
G53 - Machine coordinate system setting; Mill and Lathe
G54~G59 - Workpiece coordinate system settings #1 t0 #6; Mill and
Lathe
G61 - Exact stop check; Mill and Lathe
G65 - Custom macro call; Mill and Lathe
G70 - Finish cycle; Lathe
G71 - Rough turning cycle; Lathe
G72 - Rough facing cycle; Lathe
G73 - Irregular rough turning cycle; Lathe
G73 - Chip break drilling cycle; Mill
G74 - Left hand tapping; Mill
G74 - Face grooving or chip break drilling; Lathe
G75 - OD groove pecking; Lathe
G76 - Fine boring cycle; Mill
G76 - Threading cycle; Lathe
G80 - Cancel cycles; Mill and
Lathe
G81 - Drill cycle; Mill and Lathe
G82 - Drill cycle with dwell;
Mill G83 - Peck drilling cycle;
Mill
G84 - Tapping cycle; Mill and Lathe
G85 - Bore in, bore out; Mill and Lathe
G86 - Bore in, rapid out; Mill and Lathe
G87 - Back boring cycle; Mill
G90 - Absolute programming
G91 - Incremental programming
G92 - Reposition origin point; Mill
G92 - Thread cutting cycle; Lathe
G94 - Per minute feed; Mill
G95 - Per revolution feed; Mill
G96 - Constant surface speed control; Lathe
G97 - Constant surface speed cancel
G98 - Per minute feed; Lathe
G99 - Per revolution feed; Lathe

C
N
C
M
C
o
d
es

M00 - Program stop; Mill and

Lathe
M01 - Optional program stop; Lathe and Mill
M02 - Program end; Lathe and Mill
M03 - Spindle on clockwise; Lathe and Mill
M04 - Spindle on counterclockwise; Lathe and Mill
M05 - Spindle off; Lathe and Mill
M06 - Toolchange; Mill
M08 - Coolant on; Lathe and Mill
M09 - Coolant off; Lathe and
Mill
M10 - Chuck or rotary table clamp; Lathe and Mill
M11 - Chuck or rotary table clamp off; Lathe and Mill
M19 - Orient spindle; Lathe and Mill
M30 - Program end, return to start; Lathe and Mill
M97 - Local sub-routine call; Lathe and Mill
M98 - Sub-program call; Lathe and Mill
M99 - End of sub program; Lathe and Mill