GENERAL BUSINESS

AWARENESS
UNIT 5
Working of The Indian Political System
A political system is regarded as the way a government makes policy
and organizes administration. A political system, if sound, ought to
ensure the maintaining of order and harmony in the society and
provide institutions for addressing grievances and complaints of citizens
at large.
A political system is, after all, a set of institutions, interest groups (such
as poli- tical parties, trade unions, lobby groups) and provides dynamics
of interaction among those institutions and bases for political norms
and rules that govern their functions, say, Constitution and the Law.
Foremost, it consists of the members of a social organisation (group)
who are in power but also of interdependent components and
peripheries of the milieu with which it interacts.
The Lok Sabha or House of the People
It is composed of representatives of the people directly elected based on adult suffrage.
The maximum strength of the House provided by the Constitution is 552 that includes up to
530 members to represent the States, 20 members to represent the Union Territories and two
members of the Anglo-Indian Community nominated by the President, if that community is
not adequately represented in the House.
The ratio between the number of seats allotted to each State and the population of the State,
as far as practicable, is kept the same for all States.
Currently, the size of the house is 545-made up of 530 elected from the States, 13 elected
from the Territories, and two nominated from the Anglo-Indian community.
Uttar Pradesh with 80 members has the largest number of Lok Sabha members, being the
most populous among all Indian states.
Three states have only one representative each; certain constituencies are reserved for
candidates from scheduled castes and scheduled tribes.
RAJYA SABHA
• The upper house in the Indian political system is the Rajya Sabha or Council of
States which has up to 250 members, 12 of which are nominated by the President
for their accomplishment in art, literature, science, or social services.
• The remainder of the house-currently comprising 238 members-is elected indirectly
by the state and territorial legislatures in proportion to the unit's population. Uttar
Pradesh has 31 members.
• The method of election followed by legislatures is 'single transferable vote'. Term of
office is six years, with one-third of the members seeking election every two years.
The Rajya Sabha meets in continuous session. Unlike the Lok Sabha, it is not subject
to dissolution.
• The two houses share legislative powers, except around Money Bill where the Lok
Sabha has overriding powers. In the case of conflicting legislation, a joint sitting of
the two houses is held. If there is a conflict which cannot be resolved even by the
joint committee of the two houses, it is solved by vote in a joint session of the
Parliament, where the will of the Lok Sabha.
Evolution of Indian Political System
• 1967 was the turning point when the state parties suddenly came into power.
• This was a signal of democratization of Indian politics. Due to balance of payment
problem, international financial institutions devalued rupee and India started drifting
into economic crises.
• Mrs. Indira Gandhi swept the polls in 1971 elections with the 'eradicate poverty'
slogans.
• In 1975 with the misuse of article 356 of Indian constitution, Mrs. Gandhi declared
an emergency in India.
• Economic crises, formation of Bangladesh and Authoritarian rule at the centre
weakened Indian democracy.
• The decision-making roles and powers of the cabinet members and ministers were
consequently dissolved and were taken over by Mrs. Gandhi.
• • Though the Panchayati raj system was to democratize the country at the village
level but the power was still concentrated at the top of the pyramid.
Political Parties
• There were 7 recognised national parties in the country in 2018. Here
are the details of these parties:
• 1) All India Trinamool Congress (AITC)
• Launched on 1 January 1998 under the leadership of Mamata
Banerjee. Recognised as a national party in 2016
• The party's symbol is flowers and grass.
• Committed to secularism and federalism.
• Has been in power in West Bengal since 2011 and has a presence in
Pradesh, Manipur and Tripura.
2) Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP)
• Formed in 1984 under the leadership of Kanshi Ram.
• Seeks to represent and secure power for the Bahujan samaj which
includes the Dalits, Adivasis, OBCs and religious minorities .
• Stands for the cause of securing the interests and welfare of the
Dalits
• It has its main base in the state of Uttar Pradesh and substantial
presence in neighbouring states like Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh,
Uttarakhand, Delhi and Punjab.
• Formed government in UP several times by taking the support of
different parties at different times.
3) Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)
• Founded in 1980, formed by Syama Prasad Mukherjee in 1951.
• Wants to build a strong and modern India by drawing inspiration from
India's ancient culture and values, and Deendayal Upadhyaya's ideas of
integral humanism and Antyodaya.
• Cultural nationalism (or 'Hindutva') is an important element in its
conception of Indian nationhood and politics.
• Earlier limited to north and west and to urban areas, the party expanded
its support in the south, east, the north-east and to rural areas.
• Emerged as the largest party with 282 members in the 2014 Lok Sabha
elections.
Communist Party of India (CPI)
• Formed in 1925. Believes in Marxism-Leninism, secularism and
democracy.
• Opposed to the forces of secessionism and communalism.
• Accepts parliamentary democracy as a means of promoting the
interests of the working class, farmers and the poor.
• Significant presence in the states of Kerala, West Bengal, Punjab,
Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.
• It secured less than 1 per cent votes and 1 seat in the 2014 Lok Sabha
elections.
5) Communist Party of India Marxist (CPI-
M)
• - :• Founded in 1964. Believes in Marxism-Leninism. Supports
socialism, secularism and democracy and opposes imperialism and
communalism.• Accepts democratic elections as a useful and helpful
means for securing the objective of socio-economic justice in
India.THIS DAY IN HISTORY
6) Indian National Congress (INC):

• Popularly known as the Congress Party. One of the oldest parties of

the world. Founded in 1885 and has experienced many splits.
• Under the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru, the party sought to build a
modern secular democratic republic in India.
• The ruling party at the centre till 1977 and then from 1980 to 1989.
After 1989, its support declined, but it continues to be present
throughout the country.
• The party's main idea is to promote secularism and welfare of weaker
sections and minorities.
7) Nationalist Congress Party (NCP)
• Formed in 1999 following a split in the Congress party.
• Supports democracy, Gandhian secularism, equity, social justice and
federalism.
• A major party in Maharashtra and has a significant presence in
Meghalaya, Manipur and Assam.
• A coalition partner in the state of Maharashtra in alliance with the
Congress. Since 2004, a member of the United Progressive Alliance
PRESSURE GROUPS
• They both play an important role in a democracy. The National
Students Union of India (NSUI) provides future leadership to the
Congress.
• The Akhil Bhartiya Vidyarthi Parishad (ABVP) does so for the Bharatiya
Janata Party? It is important to understand that the pressure groups
are different from political parties. The distinction between the two
can be stated as under: Pressure groups are not primarily political in
nature. For example, although Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS)
supports the Bhartiya Janata Party, it is, by and large, a
cultural organization.
CONSTITUTION OF INDIA
• The Constitution of India was adopted on 26 November 1949 and
came into effect on 26 January 1950, proclaiming India to be a
sovereign, democratic republic
• The federal structure of government, provincial autonomy, a
bicameral central legislature consisting of a federal assembly and a
Council of States and the separation of legislative powers between
the centre and states are some of the provisions of the Act which are
present in the Constitution of India.
DRAFTING
• The Constitution was drafted by the Constituent Assembly, which was
elected by the elected members of the provincial assemblies.
• Dr B.R. Ambedkar, Sanjay Phakey, Jawaharlal Nehru, C.
Rajagopalachari, Rajendra Prasad, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Maulana
Abul Kalam Azad were some important figures in the Assembly.
• The members of the Constituent Assembly met for the first time on 9
December 1946
• On 29 August 1947, the Drafting Committee was appointed, with Dr
B. R. Ambedkar as the Chairman along with six other members assisted
by a constitutional advisor.
Salient Features of Indian Constitution
• . Longest Written Constitution
• 2. Best Constitution
• 3. A Written and Rigid Constitution
• 4. Based on Adult Suffrage
• 5. It makes India a Sovereign Democratic Republic
• 6. It gives India a Federal Policy
• 7. It establishes Parliamentary form of Govt. in India
• 8.Fundamental Rights
• 9. Fundamental duties
• 10. Directive Principles of State Policy
• 11.Secular Democracy
Changing the Constitution
• • Amendments to the Constitution are made by the Parliament, the
procedure for which is laid out in Article 368.
• An amendment bill must be passed by both the Houses of the
Parliament by a two-thirds majority and voting.
• In addition to this, certain amendments which pertain to the federal
nature of the Constitution must be ratified by a majority of state
legislatures.
• As of January 2012 there have been 115 amendment bills presented
in the Parliament, out of which 97 have been passed to become
Amendment Acts.
• SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT
• The basic form of the Union Government envisaged in the
Constitution
• Federal Structure
• Three subject lists, the Union list, the State list, and the Concurrent
list, define the legislative powers of each level of government.
• The Union government reserves the right to make laws in areas
specified on the Union list, the state governments allowed to make
laws in areas specified on the State list.
PARLIAMENTARY STRUCTURE
• The President of India is elected by the Parliament and State Legislative
Assemblies, and not directly by the people. The President is the head of
state, and all the business of the Executive and Laws of the Parliament
are in his/her name
• The Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers exercise their offices
only as long as they enjoy a majority support in the Lok Sabha, the
lower house of the Parliament, which consists of members directly
elected by the people
• A similar structure is present in States, where the directly elected
Legislative Assembly enjoys control over the Chief Minister and the
State Council of Minister
Independent Judiciary
• The Judiciary of India is free of control from either the executive or
the Parliament.
• The judiciary acts as an interpreter of the constitution, and as an
intermediary in case of disputes between two States, or between a
State and the Union.
• An act passed by the Parliament, or a Legislative Assembly is subject
to judicial review and can be declared unconstitutional by the
judiciary if it feels that the act violates the provisions of
the Constitution.
INSTITUTION OF PRESIDENT
• Head of the Union Executive is the President
• It also includes the PM & Councils of Ministers
• Real Executive Powers are vested in the councils of minister
• Art. 53, The executive powers of the president are exercised by him
directly or through officer's subordinate to him in accordance with the
constitution
THE GOVERNER
• The Governor is the head of a state. He is the Chief Executive in the
state. He enjoys the same position in the state as the President enjoys
in the Centre. However, in a way his position is slightly better.
Whereas the President as the nominal executive of the Union can
rarely use any discretion in the exercise of his powers, the
Constitution grants some discretionary powers to the Governor.
• Two important practices regarding the Appointment of a Governor:
• The first practice is that the person being appointed as the Governor
is mostly not a resident of the state for which he is appointed.
• Secondly, before appointing a Governor, the Union Governments
consults the concerned State Government particularly the Chief
Minister of that State. It is now a respected rule.
PM
• Most important and powerful executive in India.
• Head of the council of ministers
• Powers of the President are actually exercised by the Prime Minister
and the Council of ministers.
• LORD MERLEY- The Prime Minister is the key stone of cabinet arch.
• H.J LASKI- Prime minister is central to the life and death of the
cabinet.
APPOINTMENT AND TENURE
• The prime minister shall be appointed by the President - ARTICLE 75
• * MUST be a member of the Lok sabha or Rajya sabha
• * Usual tenure is 5 years Salary and allowances are fixed by the
parliament from time to time.
POWERS AND FUNTIONS
• FORMATION OF COUNCIL OF MINISTERS:-
• PM prepares a list of ministers, according to their will and advises the President to
appoint them. Number of ministers should not exceed 15% of the total number of
members in Lok sabha.
• CONTROL OVER COUNCIL OF MINISTERS:-After formation of ministers, portfolios are
allocated to them. If, the Prime Minister finds them inefficient, they can ask him to
resign. The Prime Minister exercise their function.
• LEADER OF THE CABINET The PM can call for a cabinet meeting whenever necessary
and prepares the agenda for the meeting. All major decisions are taken by the PM
and co-ordinates with the policies of his ministers.
• LINK BETWEEN CABINET AND PRESIDENT Duty of the PM to communicate to the
President of all the decisions taken in the cabinet and furnish details relating to
administration of the Union and proposals of legislation if asked by the President-
ARTICLE 78.
ARTICLE 74[1]- mention of the council of
ministers
• with the prime minister Council of ministers comprises of different
kinds of ministers
• Minsters of Cabinet rank
• Ministers of state and ministers of state with independent charge
• Deputy ministers
 PARLIAMENT AND STATE
LEGISLATURE
• The Parliament House, India also known as Sansad Bhawan, is a place where the
world's largest democracy functions. Creates here, future of the country by the
elected political leader of India. The Parliament House in Delhi is the hub of
political activity of India.
• Parliament House has two Houses, Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha. In Parliament house
also has ministerial offices, library, committee rooms and more.
Rajya Sabha (Council of States) - In Council of States, all the members are indirectly
elected by members of legislative bodies of the States.
Lok Sabha (House of the People) - In House of the People, all the members are
directly elected by citizens of India. Every citizen who is over 18 years of age, no
matter of gender, caste, religion, who is otherwise not disqualified, is eligible to vote.
Parliament House was designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens and constructed under the
direct supervision of Ser Herbert Baker in 12th February 1921, complete in six year. It
was inaugurated by the Governor-General of India, Lord Irwin in the year 1927.
The Indian Judiciary
• "Indian judiciary is a single, integrated judicial system" –
1. Supreme Court is at the apex of the judicial system, followed by High
Courts & at the lowest level come the district (subordinate) courts.
2. Common civil & criminal codes are followed from the lowest to the
topmost level, to give the judgements.
3. Cases are normally taken from the district courts to the High Court &
then finally to the Supreme Court, by appeals.
4. Highest Court of Appeal in India is the Supreme Court.
5. The laws made by the Supreme Court are binding on all the courts in
the judicial system of India.
SUPREME COURT
• Supreme Court is referred as:
1. The apex court of the Indian judicial system.
2. Protector/Guardian of the Fundamental Rights (along with High Courts).
3. The Final Court of Appeal in India.
4. Final interpreter of the constitution.
5. Court of Record (along with High Courts).Composition of Supreme Court:
The composition of Supreme Court is 30+1 but it has recently Increased to 33+1, where the former
represents the other judges of Supreme Court while the latter represents the Chief Justice of India
(CII).
Qualifications to be a judge of Supreme Court
2. Must be an Indian citizen.
3. 2. At least, 10 year experience as an advocate in any of the High Court.
or
At least, 5-year experience as a judge in any High Court
Appointment of the Supreme Court Judges
• The number of Judges in the Supreme Court can be increased or decreased by the Union
Parliament. All the judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the President in
consultation with the other judges of Supreme Court and High Courts, as the President
may deem necessary.
• In case of the appointment of a judge other than the Chief Justice of India, the CJI shall
be consulted by the President and the Chief Justice in turn, must consult the 4 senior-
most judges of the Supreme Court before making any recommendations to the President.
• In case of the appointment of CJI, usually the senior most judge of the Supreme Court is
appointed as the CJI by the President.
• The Chief Justice may appoint a judge of High Court as an ad hoc judge of the Supreme
Court for a period as may be necessary. Such appointments are made with the consent of
the President and after consultation with the Chief Justice of the High Court concerned.
HIGH COURT
• Each state has One High Court.
• The HC is headed by the Chief Justice of HC
• He is assisted by other High Court Judges.(If required, parliament can increase the
number of additional HC judges to clear pending cases)
• Qualification for appointment as Judge of HighCourt
• Citizen of India
• Not more than 62 years of age
• Held a judicial office for at least 10 years
• Every judge of HC is appointed by the President in consultation with the Chief Justice
of SC and Governor of the concerned state.
• In case of appointment of other HC judges, it is done by the President in consultation
with the Chief Justice of SC, Chief Justice of that HC & Governor of that state.
MAJOR SOCIAL SCHEMES LAUNCHED BY
THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
NRHM 12 APRIL 2005
• REDUCTION IN MATERNAL AND CHILD MORTALITY
• UNIVERSAL ACCESS TO AFFORDABLE AND QUALITY HEALTHCARE
• POPULATION STABLIZATION
• PROMOTION OF HEALTHY LIFESTYLES
• COMPREHENSIVE PRIMARY HEALTHCARE
PMSSY MARCH 2006
• CORRECTING THE IMBALANCES IN THE AVAILABILITY OF AFFORDABLE
HEALTHCARE FACILITIES IN THE DIFFERENT PART OF THE COUNTRY.
• AUGMENTING QUALITY MEDICAL EDUCATION IN UNDER SERVED
STATES.
RSBY 1 APRIL 2008
• HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE TO BELOW POVERTY LINE FAMILIES
• LAUNCHED BY MINISTRY OF LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT
• PROVIDE PROTECTION TO BELOW POVERTYLINE HOUSEHOLD
ICDS 2 OCTOBER 1975
• LARGEST COMMUNITY BASED PROGRAMME
• THE SCHEME IS TARGETED AT CHILDREN UP TO AGE OF 6
YEAR ,PREGNANT AND LACTATING MOTHERS AND WOMENS 16-44 OF
AGE.
• THE SCHEME IS AIMED TO IMPROVE THE HEALTH , NUTRITION AND
EDUCATION OF THE TARGET COMMUNITY
JSY 12 APRIL 2005
• SAFE MOTHERHOOD INTERVENTION UNDER THE NATIONAL HEALTH
MISSION
• REDUCING MATERNAL AND NEONATAL MORTALITY BY PROMOTING
INSTITUTIONAL DELIVERY AMONG POOR PREGNANT WOMEN
• ACCREDITED SOCIAL HEALTH ACTIVIST(ASHA)
NSAP 15 AUGUST 1995
• IT IS SOCIAL SECURITY AND WELFARE PROGRAMME TO PROVIDE
SUPPORT TO AGED PERSONS WIDOWS DISABLED PERSONS AND
BEREAVED FAMILIES ON DEATH OF PRIMARY BREAD WINNER,
BELONGING TO BELOW POVERTY LINE HOUSEHOLDS
• FIVE SCHEMES
1. INDIRA GANDHI NATIONAL OLD AGE PENSION SCHEME
2. INDIRA GANDHI NATIONAL WIDOW PENSION SCHEME
3. NATIONAL FAMILY BENEFIT SCHEME
4. INDIRA GANDHI NATIONAL DISABILITY PENSION SCHEME
5. ANNAPURNA
SSA (2001)
• SSA IS TO PROVIDE USEFUL AND RELEVANT ELEMENTARY EDUCATION
FOR ALL CHILDREN IN THE 6 TO 14 AGE GROUP BY 2000.
• THERE IS ALSO ANOTHER GOAL TO BRIDGE SOCIAL AND GENDER
GAPS WITH THE ACTIVE PARTICIPATION OF THE COMMUNITY IN THE
MANAGEMENT OF SCHOOLS.
MMS 1995
• TO ENHANCE THE ENROLLMENT RETENTION AND ATTENDENCE
SIMULTANEOSLY IMPROVE NUTRITIONAL LEVELS AMONG SCHOOLS
GOING CHILDREN STUDYING IN CLASS I TO VIII OF GOVERNMENT,
GOVERNMENT AIDED, SPECIAL TRAINING CENTRES .
JNNURM (DECEMBER 2005)
• AIMS AT CREATING ECONOMICALLY PRODUCTIVE EFFICIENT
EQUITABLE AND REPONSIVE CITIES BY A STRATEGY OF UPGRADING
THE SOCILA AND ECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURE IN CITIES PROVISION
OF BASIC SERVICES TO URBAN POOR AND WIDE-RANGING URBAN
SECTOR REFORMS TO STRENGTHEN MUNICIPAL GOVERNANCE.
BNY 2005
• INDIAN BASED BUSINESS PLAN FOR CREATING BASIC RURAL
INFRASTRUCTURE
• COMPRISES OF PROJECTS ON IRRIGATION,ROADS(PRADHANMANTRI
GRAM SADAK YOJANA) HOUSING(PRADHAN MANTRI AWAS YOJANA)
WATER SUPPLY(NATIONAL RURAL DRINKING WATER PROGRAMME)
ELECTRIFICATION(RAJIV GANDHI GRAMEEN VIDYUTIKARAN YOJANA)
AND TELECOMMUNICATION CONNECTIVITY.
NRLM JUNE 2011
• AIMS TO ALLEVIATE RURAL POVERTY AND CREATE SUSTAINABLE
LIVELIHOOD OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE RURAL POOR
• PROMOTE SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITY BASED INSTITUTIONS WHICH
WILL FACILITATE PROVISION OF FINANCIAL SERVICES ECONOMIC
SERVICES AND OTHER ENTITLEMENTS TO THE RURAL POOR
• LARGEST INITIATE TO IMPROVE THE LIVELIHOOD OF POOR.
IAY JAN 1996
• TO HELP CONSTRUCTION OR UPGRADATION OF DWELLING UNITS OF
MEMBERS OF SCHEDULED CASTES/ TRIBES
• THE SCHEME WAS RESTRUCTURED AS PRADHAN MANTRI GRAMIN
AWAAS YOJNA IN 2015( AIMS TO PROVIDE PUCCA HOUSES
CONSISTING OF BASIC AMENITIES BY 2020,PROVIDE HOUSING AT AN
AFFORDABLE PRICE TO THE WEAKER SECTION OF THE SOCIETY)
AAY DECEMBER 2000
• THE OBJECTIVE OF THE SCHEME IS TO ENSURE FOOD SECURITY AND
TO CREATE HUNGER FREE INDIA.
• AAY SCHEME COVERS THE POOREST OF THE POOR IN INDIA BY SUPPLY
OF FOOD AND OTHER IMPORTANT COMMODITIES FOR THEIR DAILY
NEEDS ON SUBSIDIZED RATES
RKVY MAY 2007
• AIMS AT ACHIEVING 4% ANNUAL GROWTH IN THE AGRICULTURE
SECTOR
• HOLISTIC DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND ALLIED SECTORS
National Initiative for development and Harnessing Innovation
(NIDHI)

• The Department of Science and Technology launched this

programme.
• The goal of this programme is to help people turn their ideas and
innovations (both knowledge-based and technology-driven) into
profitable businesses.
• The programme strives to develop technical solutions that not only
address society’s pressing demands but also open up new paths for
income and job creation.
Aatmanirbhar Bharat Rozgar Yojana
• Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman established the Atmanirbhar
Bharat Rozgar Yojana on November 12, 2020, to encourage the
creation of new jobs in the wake of the COVID-19 epidemic.
• The scheme will assist any new employee starting work in EPFO-
registered enterprises on a monthly wage of less than Rs 15,000 as
well as those who quit their positions between March and September
2020 and start work on October 1, 2020.
Kisan Suryodaya Yojana
• On October 24, 2020, Prime Minister Modi announced the Kisan
Suryodaya Yojana, which will give farmers in Gujarat daytime power
for irrigation. Farmers in 1055 villages across three districts would
have access to energy for irrigation from 5 a.m. to 9 p.m. under the
scheme.
• The Gujarat State Government has set aside Rs 3,500 crores for
transmission infrastructure installation by 2023.
Solar Charkha Scheme

• The Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises introduced the

Solar Charkha Scheme in June 2018.
• The Solar Charkha Mission is an economic development programme
that aims to establish “solar charkha clusters” with 200 to 2042
beneficiaries (spinners, weavers, stitchers and other skilled artisans).
 Digital India Mission

• Launched on 02 July 2015, the Government of India’s flagship program,

Digital India, aims to turn India into a digitally enabled society and knowledge
economy.
• It works with the vision to make all government services electronically
available to the public.
Indira Rasoi Yojana
•
• On August 20, 2020, Rajasthan Chief Minister Ashok Gehlot introduced
the Indira Rasoi Yojana, which will supply underprivileged people with
high-quality healthy food, including 100 grams of pulses, 250 grams of
chapatti, 100 grams of vegetables, and pickles, for just Rs 8. Around 4
crores 87 lakh individuals in the state are likely to gain.
• Food will be served from 8:30 a.m. to 1:00 p.m. and 5:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m.
It will be implemented in 213 urban local bodies, with the State
Government operating 358 reasons (kitchens) at bus stops, hospitals, train
stations, and public locations, all of which will be managed using a mobile
app and CCTV cameras.
Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana
(PMMSY)
• Launched by Prime Minister Modi on September 10, 2020, to focus on
the long-term development of India’s fisheries sector.
• The scheme will be implemented across all Indian states and union
territories at a cost of Rs 20,050 crores over five years, from FY 2020-
21 to FY 2024-25.
• By the Financial Year 2024-25, it wants to expand fish production in
India by 70 lakh tonnes and increase fisheries export profits to
Rs.1,00,000 crore.
Fame India Scheme

• • The Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises introduced

it in 2015 as part of the National Electric Mobility Mission Plan
(NEMMP).
• The goal of this programme is to give economic and monetary
incentives to encourage the adoption and development of hybrid and
electric vehicles in the country.
Godhan Nyay Yojana
•
• Chhattisgarh Chief Minister Bhupesh Baghel announced the Godhan
Nyay Yojana on June 25, 2020, to collect cow excrement from cattle
owners. The plan intends to encourage animal husbandry and turn it
into a lucrative business. It is consistent with the state government’s
aim to develop the rural economy.
• The cow manure will be purchased by the Chhattisgarh government
from the livestock owners at fixed prices then this cow manure once
collected will be used to make vermicompost fertiliser.
Rajiv Gandhi Kisan Nyay Yojana

• Launched On 21 May (2020) by Chhattisgarh Chief Minister Bhupesh

Baghel to purchase maize, paddy, and sugarcane at MSP.
• The allocated fund for this scheme was 5,700 crore which is expected
to benefit over 1.87 million farmers in the state. A sum of Rs 10,000 per
acre is allotted to the farmers who grow paddy and maize and a sum of
Rs 13,000 per acre to farmers who grow sugarcane will be provided by
the Chhattisgarh Government.
Vivad se Vishwas Yojna

• On February 1, 2020, Finance Minister Sitharaman introduced the

Vivad se Vishwas Scheme, which aims to resolve the massive backlog
of pending direct tax cases.
• It will settle 483,000 tax-related direct disputes that have been pending
in various appellate forums. If the contested tax amount is paid before
March 31, 2020, the programme gives interest and penalty exemptions.
Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana

• • It was launched on October 11, 2014, by the Ministry of Rural

Development. The goal of this project was to ensure that the selected
village’s development was integrated across several areas such as
agriculture, health, education, sanitation, the environment, and
livelihood.
• This scheme was created on Jayprakash Narayan’s birth anniversary,
with the goal of promoting social and cultural growth. Within a month
of the launch, MPs must choose one hamlet with a population of 3000-
4000 in the plains and 1000-3000 in the hills.
Mission Karmyogi

• On September 20, 2020, the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances,

and Pensions inaugurated the scheme.
• Mission Karmyogi is the name of the National Programme for Civil
Services Capacity Building (NPCSCB). The mission’s goal is to
improve governance through increasing civil service capabilities.
VAN DHAN Yojana
•
• It was introduced on April 14th, 2018 by the Ministry of Tribal
Affairs.
•The scheme’s goal is to help tribals involved in the collection of
Minor Food Produces (MFPs) achieve economic development by
assisting them in making the best use of natural resources and
providing them with a sustainable livelihood.
• It will create 10 Self Help Groups (SHGs) of 30 tribal gatherers.