METAL

CORB0NYL
BY MUSKAN JAISWAL
BSC 3RD YEAR
CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

CLASSIFICATION

PREPARATION &
PROPERTIES

STRUCTURE
&BONDING

APPLICATIONS
 INTRODUCTION

•METAL CARBONYLS ARE COORDINATION COMPLEXES OF TRANSITION METALS WITH CARBON MONOXIDE LIGANDS IN
LOW OXIDATION STATE. IN THIS ,CO LIGANDS ACTS AS NEUTRAL LIGANDS

•METAL CARBONYL COMPOUNDS WERE FIRST SYNTHESIZED IN BY PAUL SCHÜTZENBERGER IN 1868 BY PASSING
CHLORINE AND CARBON MONOXIDE OVER PLATINUM BLACK, WHERE DICARBONYLDICHLOROPLATINUM (PT(CO)2CL2 )
WAS FORMED.

•ALTHOUGH MANY COMPOUNDS WERE PRODUCED, THEY COULDN’T BE FULLY CHARACTERIZED UNTIL THE
DEVELOPMENT OF X-RAY DIFFRACTION, AND IR AND NMR SPECTROSCOPY.

•IN GENERAL, THESE COMPOUNDS OBEY THE “18 ELECTRON RULE.”

•NORMALLY DIMAGNETICS.

•MONONERICS ARE COLOURLESS WHERE POLYMERICS ARE COLOURED.

•POOR CONDUCTORS OF ELECTRICITY & SUBLIMATED AT LOW TEMP

•SOLUBLE IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS.

CLASSIFICATION
 PREPARATION

 Direct reaction of metal with carbon monoxide

 Ni + 4 CO → Ni(CO)4 (1 bar, 55 °C)
 Fe + 5 CO → Fe(CO)5 (100 bar, 175 °C)
 Reduction of metal salts and oxides
 CrCl3 + Al + 6 CO → Cr(CO)6 + AlCl3
 Preparation of dinuclear carbonyls from
mononuclear carbonyls (Photolysis and
thermolysis )
 Fe(CO)5 → Fe(CO)9+CO
 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

1.CO substitution
M(CO)n → M(CO)n-1 + L → M(CO)n-1L
2.REDUCTIONS
Mn2 (CO)10 + 2 Na → 2 Na[Mn(CO)5 ]
Fe(CO)5 + 2 Na → Na2 [Fe(CO)4 ] + CO
3.Nucleophilic attack at
CO Fe(CO)5 + NaOH → Na[Fe(CO)4CO2H]
4.With electrophiles
Fe(CO)5 + X2 → Fe(CO)4X2 + CO
STRUCTURE OF CO
ACCORDING TO
VBT & MOT
METAL-
CARBON
 BONDING

Bridging CO groups:
In addition to the linear M-C-O groups, the carbon monoxide ligand is
also known to form bridges.
This type of bonding is observed in some binuclear and polynuclear
carbonyls.
It is denoted by μn–CO, where n indicates the number of metals
bridged. While n=2 is the most common value, it reaches to be 3 or 4 in
certain less common carbonyls.
In a terminal M-C-O group, the carbon monoxide donates two electrons
to an empty metal orbital, while in μ2–CO group, the M-C bond is
formed by sharing of one metal electron and one carbon electron.
M----M Bond
In some carbonyls another bond develops between metal-metal due to
weak overlap of the two singly filled appropriate hybrid orbitals.
Also called fractional single bond and longer than normal single bond.
CARBONYL AND IR SPECTRA
APPLICATION
. .
 THANKS YOU

HYPOTHESIS

CALCULATIONS FORMULAS