ENVIRONMENT

& HEALTH Strong teeth, a green planet- a simple smile echoes a

commitment to dental health & environmental harmony.

By Vedesh Patil
III BDS
Roll no. 53
CONTENT
Topic 1: Environment & Health

Topic 2: Effects of Environment in Dentistry

Topic 3: Water

Topic 4: Solid Waste Management

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 Topic

01
Environment and Health

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 What is
Environmental
health?
Environmental health addresses all the physical,
chemical, and biological factors external to a
person, and all the related factors impacting
behaviors.
-WHO Report 2016
World Environment Day: 5th June
World Environmental Health Day: 26th September

Environment & Health

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 How a Harmonious Environment
Shapes Human Wellbeing?
• A healthy environment, is vital for sustaining human life and well-
being.

• Biodiversity and ecosystem services.

• Climate stability.

• Urban planning and green spaces.

• Environmental degradation, pollution, and climate change.

Environment & Health

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Topic

02
Effects of Environment in
Dentistry

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 How does environment
affects oral health?

The environment can affect dental health in several ways, which includes:

Food & water Diet

quality
Chemicals in water Sugar rich diet can
can impact teeth and increase risk of
oral mucosa caries

Effects of environment in dentistry

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Topic

03
Water

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 Water

01
Introduction 02
Potable water 03
Sources 04
Purification
- What is potable water - Surface water - Large scale
- Uses - Ground water - small scale
- Rain

Water
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 Introduction
• Good oral health requires a clean water
supply, sufficient for brushing & cleaning teeth
regularly from an early age.

• Fluoride intake from a drinking water & a

balanced, low sugar diet are probably most
important factors in reducing dental caries.

• Lack of clean water for basic oral hygiene

may tip the balance towards earlier & more
severe patterns of caries.

Water
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 Potable Water
defined as water that is.

Free from pathogenic Free from harmful Useful for all Pleasant to taste
agents chemical substances domestic needs i.e. free from color &
odor

Water 11
 Uses

01
Domestic uses-
drinking, cooking
02
Public purposes-
cleaning streets &
fire protection
03
Industrials uses-
factories
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Agriculture purposes-
irrigation

Water 12
 Sources of Water

Ground Water Rain water

• Shallow wells
• Deep wells
• Tube wells
• Springs

Water
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 Sources of Water

Surface Water
• Impounding reservoirs
• Rivers & Streams
• Ponds & Lakes
• Sea water

Water
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 Purification of Water

01
Large scale
02
Small scale
• Storage • Household purification of water
- Physical action - Boiling
- Chemical action - Chemical disinfection
- Biological - Filtration
• Filtration • Disinfection of wells
- Biological or slow sand filter
- Rapid sand or Mechanical filter

• Chlorination
Water
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 Storage
01
Physical action
About 90% of the suspended
impurities settle down in 24
hours by gravity. The water
becomes clearer allowing
penetration of light.
Water
02
Chemical action
The aerobic bacteria oxidize the
organic matter present in the water
with the help of dissolved oxygen
reducing the content of the free
ammonia and the increasing the
concentration of nitrates.
03
Biological
During storage the pathogenic
organisms gradually die out.
However, if the water is stored for
long periods, there is like hood of
development of vegetative
growths.
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 Filtration
• Biological or slow sand filter
1. Supernatant (raw) water
- depth is 1-1.5 meters
- provide a constant head of the water so as to
overcome the resistance of the filter bed
- provide time to water undergo purification
2. Sand bed
- thickness is 1-1.2 meters
- sand grain diameter is 0.2mm & 0.3mm
- vital layer / “Schmutzdecke”
- water percolates to sand bed very slowly & it is
subjected to mechanical straining, oxidation,
sedimentation, adsorption & bacterial action
3. Gravel support
- thickness about 0.3 meters
- consist of perforated pipes which not only provides
outlet for filter water but also supports filter medium
above
4. Filter bottom
- thickness about 0.16 meters
-maintain the constant rate of filtration
Water
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 Filtration
• Rapid sand or mechanical filters
1. Coagulation
- raw water is treated with chemical coagulant
2. Rapid mixing
- allows a quick and through dissemination of alum
throughout the bulk of the water
3. Flocculation
- slow & gentle stirring of the treated water for about
30 minutes
- result in formation of a thick, copious, white
flocculent precipitate of aluminium hydroxide
4. Sedimentation
- kept for 2-6 hours
- flocculent precipitate together with impurities &
bacteria settle down in the tank
5. Filtration
- partly purified water subjected to filter beds

Water
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 Chlorination
Chlorination is a supplement & not a substitute to
sand filtration
• Chlorine kills pathogenic bacteria, but it has no
effect on spores & certain viruses except in high
doses.
• It oxidizes iron, manganese & hydrogen sulphide.
• It destroys taste & odour producing constituents.
• It controls algae & slime organisms.
• It aids coagulation.
Water
Action of chlorine
• When chlorine is added in water, there is formation
of hydrochloric and hypochlorous acid.
• Disinfection action of chlorine is mainly due to
hypochlorous acid.
• Chlorine acts best as a disinfectant when the pH of
water is around 7 because of the predominance of
hypochlorous acid.
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 Methods used
01
Chlorine applied as
02
Break point chlorination 03
Super chlorination
Chlorine gas: The addition of chlorine to water to a • This method is used for heavily
- economical, quick in action,
efficient & easy to apply point at which free residual chlorine polluted river water.
- irritant to the eyes & poisonous begins to appear is called break point • Super chlorination comprises of the
Chloramines: chlorination. addition of large doses of chlorine to
- loose compounds of chlorine & the water and removal of excess of
ammonia
- less tendency to produce chlorinous chlorine by dechlorination.
taste
Perchloron:
- high test hypochlorite
- calcium compound
Water
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Household Purification of Water
01
Boiling
02
Chemical disinfection 03
Filtration
- Rolling boil for 5 to 10 minutes - Bleaching powder - Ceramic filter such as Pasteur
- Kills bacteria & spores, cysts & ova - Chlorine solution Chamberland filter, Berkefeld
- No “residual protection” - High test hypochlorite filter & “Katadyn” filter
- Chlorine tablets
- Iodine
- Potassium permanganate

Water
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 Disinfection of Wells
Wells are the main source of water supply in rural areas. The
most effective and economical method of disinfecting well is by
bleaching powder.

The double pot method

- It is devised by National Environmental Engineering Research Institute,
Nagpur, India.

- Two cylindrical pots are used, one placed inside the other.

- Mixture of 1 kg bleaching powder and 2 kg of coarse sand is prepared

and slightly moistened with water the inner pot is filled with mixture up
to 3 cm below the level of hole.

- The inner pot is introduced into the outer one and the mouth of the latter
closed with polyethylene foil.
Water
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Conclusion

Environmental health is a systematic conduct of a planned program designed to promote optimum health and
comfort of the individual, family and community by modifying or controlling the environment, so as to
prevent illness or disability caused by interrelationships with the environment.

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References:
• Essential of Public Health Dentistry- Soben Peter 6e
• WHO.int
• watereducation.org
• wikipedia.org

THANK YOU!

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