Chapter 1

Antenna
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 What is an antenna?

• Region of transition between guided and free space propagation

• Concentrates incoming wave onto a sensor (receiving case)

• Launches waves from a guiding structure into space or air (transmitting case)

• Often part of a signal transmitting system over some distance

• Not limited to electromagnetic waves (e.g. acoustic waves)

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Introduction

Wires passing an alternating current emit or radiate EM energy. The

shape and size of the current carrying structure determine how much
energy is radiated, direction of propagation and how well the radiation
is captured.

Henceforth, the structure to efficiently radiate in a preferred direction

is called transmitting antenna, while the other side which is to capture
radiation from preferable direction is called receiving antenna.

In most cases, the efficiency and directional nature for an

antenna is the same whether its receiving or transmitting.
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Introduction (Cont’d..)

Fundamentals of Electromagnetics With Engineering Applications by Stuart M. Wentworth

Copyright © 2005 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.

Generic antenna network. The antenna acts as a transducer

between guided waves on the T-line and waves propagating in
space.
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  Antenna Basic
• Basic radiation equation: Antenna may be defined as a structure associated with a region of
transition between a guided wave and free space wave or vice-versa. Antennas convert
electrons to photons or vice-versa.
• Regardless of antenna type, all involve the same basic principle that radiation is produced
by accelerated charge. The basic equation of radiation may be expressed simply as

thus, time changing current radiates and accelerated charge also radiates. The radiation
is perpendicular to the square of.

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• Common types of antennas:

Figure 8-1 (p. 389)

Common single-element antennas.

Fundamentals of Electromagnetics With Engineering Applications by Stuart M. Wentworth

Copyright © 2005 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.

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• Common types of antennas:

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• Common types of antennas:

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