L04

EDU5905 RB/50

FACULTY OF EDUCATION
EDU5905 CONCEPT OF EDUCATION AND TEACHING PROFESSION
DR. RAMLI BIN BASRI
ROOM G28, TEL: office 03-8946 8248, H/P 019 224 1332 (sms prefered)
1
E-MEL: ramlibasri@upm.edu.my
EDU5905 KONSEP PENDIDIKAN DAN PROFESION PERGURUAN
E DUCATION TRANSFORMATION
EDU5905 RB/50 3
 EDU/EGS5905: CONCEPT OF EDUCATION AND THE
TEACHING PROFESSION

Assignment 1:

Identify three
Educational Issues
that the MOE needs
to address.

Justify why? Present

Next week.
4
 FCE5905:Concept of Education and
Teaching Profession
COURSEWORK 1 (40%) – group of 4-5
• Based on lecture material and resources from the internet and the
mass media, select an educational issue.
• As a group you are required to prepare a memorandum to the
Minister of Education to put forward recommendations on how to
address the issue.
• The memorandum to be prepared in only 15 pages, but not
including appendices and references. Memorandum shall be
presented in class in week 9 and submitted to the lecturer on week
11.

5
The memorandum shall include the:
• The analysis of educational issues (background and problem
statement / issue) and why this issue is important and needs to be
addressed by the government;
• Recommendations (how this issue can be resolved, suggest some
alternatives). The merits of each alternative, and recommend to the
government the best alternative;
• State the implications that arise in the short term and the long term
if the recommendations were accepted and implemented by the
government. The possible implications in terms of money,
personnel should be highlighted.

6
 Schema
• Title (clear, interesting, relevant and involve many stakeholders) (5
marks)
• Analysis of problem that needed to be addressed and its
importance (Background of the problem, and the statement of the
problem, the scope of the problem and why the problem should be
addressed by the government) (10 marks)
• Alternative solutions and recommended solution: Alternative 1, 2
and 3 (15 marks).
• Implications to the recommendation, budget and human resource
(10 marks)

7
E DUCATION TRANSFORMATION
EDU5905 RB/50 8
 EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT IN MALAYSIA

Content
1. Background and History of Malaysia
2. Education Prior to Independence
3. Formation of National Education System
4. Education Statistics
5. Education Development and Expenditure
9
 INTRODUCTION
• Malaysia occupies the southernmost peninsula of
Southeast Asia and the northern one-third of Borneo

• It became a nation on September 16, 1963 when Sabah

and Sarawak joined Malaysia which had earlier gained
independence from the British on August 31, 1957 to
form a single federation

• Malaysia has a democratically elected Government with a

constitution monarch.
10
11
• Malaysia – multi-ethnic population
• Population : 28.3 million
Peninsular Malaysia – 22.6 million
Sabah – 3.2 million
Sarawak – 2.5 million
• Population Growth Rate : 2.0 %
• Life Expectancy at Birth : Male – 71.67
Female – 76.46
• Age Structure 0 – 14 years – 9.0 million
15 – 59 years – 17.3 million
60 years and above – 2.0 million
• Labor force : 12.142 million (42.9 % of population)
• Number of taxpayers : 1.7 million Contributing To 18% Govt Revenue
• Number of household : 7 million (2 million or 28.6% earning less than
RM3000/month)

12
 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Area (km )*
2
330,290 330,396 330,323 330,323
Population (million)
Total 29.52 30.21 30.71 31.19 31.66e
Male 15.22 15.60 15.87 16.11 16.36e
Female 14.30 14.61 14.84 15.07 15.30e
Average Annual Population Growth Rate (%) 1.6 2.4 1.6 1.5 1.5e
Birth and Death ( per 1,000 population )
Crude Birth Rate 17.8 16.7 16.7p 16.9e
Crude Death Rate 4.7 4.7 4.8p 4.8e
Total Fertility Rate 2.2 2.0 2.0p 2.0e
Life Expectancy (years)
Male 72.2 72.4p 72.5e 72.5e
Female 76.9 77.1p 77.2e 77.4e
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
GDP at current prices (RM million) 971,252 1,018,821e 1,106,580p 1,156,881p
GDP at constant 2010 prices (RM million) 912,261 955,260e 1,012,506p 1,062,647p
GDP Growth (%) 5.5 4.7e 6.0p 5.0p
GDP per capita at current prices (RM) 32,913 33,714 36,031e 37,104p
Employment 2
Labour Force ('000) 13,221.7 13,980.5 14,263.6 14,518.0
Employed ('000) 12,820.5 13,545.4 13,852.6 14,067.7
Unemployment ('000) 401.2 435.1 411.1 450.3
Labour Force Participation Rates, LFPR (%)
Total 65.6 67.3 67.6 67.9
Male 80.5 81.0 80.6 80.6
Female 49.5 52.6 53.7 54.1 13
Unemployment Rate (%) 3.0 3.1 2.9 3.1
 YEAR 1957 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2017

Real Growth
Rate (%) 5.3 5.8 6.3 4.6 -1.7 7.2 5.1 4-5 5.9
GDP

Per Capita
(USD) 257 5,038 5,694 6,724 7,738 6,812 9,333 9,693 9,755 - 10,000
GNP 9970

Average
household 4,045 5,000 7,000
Income
(RM)

14
Vehicle ownership 2017
 Size of economy 2017-2022 GDP Nominal (billions) and at PPP

Norway 391.959 0.503 29 446.7 32 377.100 0.298 48 464.3 49 0.962

Austria 383.509 0.492 30 446.0 33 432.424 0.341 45 508.4 47 1.128

Islamic
Republic 368.488 0.472 31 503.9 30 1,535.491 1.21 18 2,114 18 4.167
of Iran

Israel 339.990 0.436 32 415.2 35 316.120 0.250 54 406.1 55 0.930

Hong Kong
332.266 0.426 33 399.2 37 449.589 0.355 44 575.0 44 1.353
SAR

Philippines 329.716 0.423 34 579.3 26 878.980 0.694 29 1,368 25 2.666

South
317.568 0.407 35 380.4 39 761.926 0.601 30 937.4 33 2.399
Africa
Malaysia 309.860 0.397 36/191 489.0 31 922.057 0.728 26/191 1,295 27 2.976

Colombia 306.439 0.393 37 401.7 36 720.151 0.568 31 947.5 32 2.350

Denmark 304.216 0.390 38 363.5 41 284.040 0.224 60 344.9 61 0.934

Ireland 294.193 0.377 39 364.2 40 343.682 0.271 52 441.2 51 1.168

17
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
MALAYSIA
T20% = RM8319 AND ABOVE
M40%= RM3860-RM8319
B40% = RM BELOW3860

18
 HISTORY
• Malacca fell to the Portuguese in 1511

• The Dutch defeated the Portuguese and conquered

Malacca in 1641

• After that it was the British who colonized all of Malaysia

(except for a brief period of Japanese occupation from
1941-1945).

19
 EDUCATION PRIOR TO INDEPENDENCE
1786-1957
• The British encouraged mass immigration of workers from
China and India to work in the tin mines and rubber
plantations respectively.

• Rapid urban development took place during the blooming

colonial economy

• The Malays remained in rural areas, urban areas were

dominated by the Chinese and a minority of Indians who
eventually controlled commerce and industry 20
 EDUCATION PRIOR TO INDEPENDENCE
1786-1957

Schools were established by

1. British colonial government
2. Moslem and Christians missionaries
3. Ethnic communities (Chinese, Malays, Indians)

21
 EDUCATION PRIOR TO INDEPENDENCE
1786-1957
Types of school
1. English schools
2. Vernacular schools
• Malays
• Chinese
• Tamil
• Islamic

22
 EDUCATION PRIOR TO INDEPENDENCE
1786-1957
Common features of schools
1. Different curriculum
2. Different examinations
3. Different language of instruction
4. Different education philosophy and orientation
5. Decentralized (governance & finance)
23
 FORMATION OF NATIONAL EDUCATION
SYSTEM
1. Barnes Report (1951a)

– Recommended that all existing schools should be

transformed into National schools in which children of
the various ethnic groups would be taught through the
medium of instruction in Malay and English

– Not surprisingly, the Chinese saw the Barnes Committee

proposal as an attempt to eliminate their languages and
cultural identities and protested vehemently against it
24
 FORMATION OF NATIONAL EDUCATION
SYSTEM
2. Fenn–Wu Report 1957b
– Chinese schools to be retained and oriented to
Malayan education
– Provided under Education Ordinance 1952
3. Razak Report 1956
- National education system for national integration –
- Provided under Education Ordinance 1957
25
 FORMATION OF NATIONAL EDUCATION
SYSTEM
4. Rahman Talib Report 1961
– Policy English to Malay medium of instruction
– Provided under Education Act 1962
5.Cabinet Report 1979
- Current National Education System
- Provided under Education Act 1996
6.Private Higher Education Act 1996 – Liberalization
of higher education. 26
 COMMON FEATURES OF NATIONAL
EDUCATION SYSTEM
1. National unity
2. National Language as main medium of instruction
(Mandarin in Chinese primary, Tamil in Indian primary
schools)
3. Common curriculum
4. Common examination
5. National education philosophy
6. Centralized ( governance and finance for govt. institutions)
27
 NATIONAL EDUCATION SYSTEM
• Pre-school
• Primary
• Lower Secondary
• Upper Secondary
• Post Secondary
• Higher Education
(Comprises govt, govt aided and private schools or education
institutions-exception: expatriate & international schools)
28
Education in Malaysia is an on-going effort towards further
developing the potential of individuals in a holistic and integrated
manner so as to produce individuals who are intellectually,
spiritually, emotionally and physically balanced and harmonious,
based on a firm belief in and devotion to God. Such an effort is
designed to produce Malaysian citizens who are knowledgeable
and competent, who possess high moral standards, and who are
responsible and capable of achieving high level of personal well-
being as well as being able to contribute to the betterment of the
family, the society and the nation at large.

29
30
 EDUCATION SYSTEM
Primary Lower Secondary
Preschool Year 1 – 6 Form 1 - 3
Age = 4+ to 6+ Age = 6+ to 11+ Age = 12+ to 14+
 National
 National Type (Chinese) Remove Academic
Class
 National Type (Tamil) (1 year)

Free & Compulsory

Education
Upper Secondary
Higher Education Post Form 4 - 5
Secondary
Age = 15+ to 16+
Employment Age = 17+ to 18+
 Technical / Voc.
Polytechnic
 Academic
Matriculation  Religious
College  Sports
Form 6
 Arts
32
Source: Education in Malaysia, MOE
 EDUCATION SYSTEM : EXAMINATION

Primary Lower
UPSR
Secondary
Primary School
Year 1 - 6 Assessment Form 1 - 3

PMR
Higher
Education Lower
Secondary
Assessment

STPM
Malaysian Higher Post Malaysian Upper
School Certificate Secondary Secondary
SPM Certificate
STAM Of Education
Malaysian Higher Form 6 Form 4 - 5
School Certificate
(Religious Education) 33
Source: Education in Malaysia, MOE
34
GOVERNMENT AND GOVERNMENT–
ASSISTED SCHOOLS 2016
 ENROLMENT
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

PRIMARY ENROL 3 035 177 3 004 626 2 959 092 2 899 228 2 860 340
6+ - 11+ POPULATION 3 220 630 3 197 320 3 137 055 3 076 623 3 029 413
ENROL RATE 94.24 5 93.97% 94.33% 94.23% 94.42%
LOWER SEC ENROL 1 362 811 1 397 161 1 402 505 1 409 027 1 385 574
12+ - 14+ POPULATION 1 608 016 1 618 836 1 621 251 1 624 112 1 609 795
ENROL RATE 84.75 86.31 86.51 86.76 86.07
UPPER SEC ENROL 777 484 808 335 826 833 833 313 837 288
15+-16+ POPULATION 1 016 691 1 040 002 1 070 362 1 079 541 1 076 949
ENROL RATE 76.47 77.72 77.25 77.19 77.75
POST SEC ENROL 354 869 162 249 161 447 156 140 168 807
17+ - 18+ POPULATION 984 681 978 504 1 016 691 1 040 002 1 070 362
ENROL RATE 36.04 16.58 15.88 15.01 15.77

36
 AVERAGE CLASS SIZE (AVERAGE NUMBER OF PUPILS PER CLASS)
IN SCHOOLS UNDER THE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
(2005-2009)

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Primary 31 30 30 28 28
Secondary 32 32 31 31 30

37
Source: Malaysia Educational Statistics, EPRD, MOE.
 PARTICIPATION RATES IN GOVERNMENT AND GOVERNMENT –
ASSISTED EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS BY LEVELS OF
EDUCATION (2005-2009)
YEAR 2006 2007 2008 2009
PRIMARY 94.44 94.24 93.97 94.33
LOWER SECONDARY 85.03 84.75 86.31 86.51

UPPER SECONDARY 76.93 76.47 77.72 77.25

POST SECONDARY 35.61* 36.04* 16.58** 15.88**
UNIVERSITY 8.82 8.55

Excluding pre-school enrolment

* Note : Including enrolment under Ministry of Higher Education
* *Note : Enrolment under Ministry of Education only
38
Source: Malaysia Educational Statistic, EPRD, MOE.
 ENROLMENT IN PRE-SCHOOLS
2006 - 2011
Agency 2006 2008 2009 2011

MOE 106 290 149 178 154 682 176822

ABIM 10 112 10 091 11 306 8351

State Religious Department 25 316 22 919 24 768 24 934
National Unity Department 37 431 38 549 39 723 40 640

KEMAS 195 314 172 575 187 024 209 902

Private 306 731 339 542 362 264 234 298

Total 681 194 732 854 779 767 696 958

39
Source: Malaysia Educational Statistic, EPRD, MOE.
 ENROLMENT IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS
2006 - 2011
Type of Schools 2006 2008 2009 2011
National 2 394 813 2 401 187 2 371 209 2 316 977
National Type (C) 638 136 637 777 626 350 607 853
National Type (T) 101 882 108 176 108 867 106 466
Special Education 1 810 1 752 1 827 1 770
Special Model nr 1 096 1 055 na
Sports nr 3 3 na
Government-Aided
nr 4 099 4 463 5896
Religious Schools
Total 3 136 641 3 154 090 3 113 774 3 038 962

Note : Including enrolment of pre-schools and year 4-6 students in Special Model and Sports Schools
40
Source: Malaysia Educational Statistics, EPRD, MOE.
 ENROLMENT IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS
2006 - 2011
Type of Schools 2006 2008 2009 2011
Regular 2 074 326 2 112 999 2 143 427 2 145 349
Fully Residential 33 234 33 289 34 088 38 102
Religious 39 227 38 865 38 530 39 473
Technical 69 302 69 006 59 406 20 628
Vocational 214 31 009
Special Education 688 773 651 681
Special Model 10 293 11 948 7 181
Sports 996 921 866
Arts nr 343 497
Government –Aided Religious
nr 42 581 47 041 52 185
School
Total 2 228 066 2 310 725 2 331 901 2 327 427
Note : nr = no record
41
Source: Malaysia Educational Statistics, EPRD, MOE.
 NUMBER OF PRIMARY SCHOOLS 2006 - 2011

Type of Schools 2006 2008 2009 2011

National 5 777 5 788 5805 5854

National Type (C) 1 288 1 290 1292 1291

National Type (T) 523 523 523 523

Special Education 28 28 28 28

Government –Aided Religious

nr 16 16 18
School

Total 7 616 7 645 7 664 7714

nr = no record
42
Source: Malaysia Educational Statistics, EPRD, MOE.
 NUMBER OF SECONDARY SCHOOLS 2006 - 2011
Type of Schools 2006 2008 2009 2011
Regular 1 831 1 845 1859 1916
Fully Residential 54 54 57 61
Religious 55 55 55 56
Special Education 4 4 4 4
Technical 90 90 90 34
Vocational 1 54
Special Model 11 11 11 11
Sports 2 2 2 2
Arts nr 2 2 2

Government –Aided Religious School nr 118 138 142

Total 2 047 2 181 2 219 2282

nr = no record
43
Source: Malaysia Educational Statistics, EPRD, MOE.
 PUPIL-TEACHER RATIO IN SCHOOLS UNDER THE
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION (2005-2009)

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Primary 16.5 16.1 15.7 14.2 14
Secondary 16.2 16.2 15.5 14.5 13.7

44
Source: Malaysia Educational Statistics, EPRD, MOE.
 LIST OF SUBJECT AT THE PRIMARY SCHOOL
PRIMARY 1-3 PRIMARY 4-6
Malay Language
English Language
Chinese ( Language & Communication )
• Social Studies
Tamil ( Language & Communication )
Communication Arabic
• Civics &
Iban ( starting from Year 3 ) Citizenship
Semai ( starting from Year 3 ) Education
Mathematics • Living Skills
Islamic Education
Moral Education
Science
Music Education
Visual Arts Education
Physical Education
Health Education

45
Source: Malaysia Educational Statistics, EPRD, 2007.
 LIST OF SUBJECT AT THE SECONDARY LEVEL
CORE SUBJECTS ADDITIONAL SUBJECTS

46
 POST SECONDARY : MATRICULATION 2006-2009

2006 2007 2008 2009

Enrolment 21 000 24 700 23 340 20 930

12 684 16 475 15 485 13 877

Female (%)
(60.4%) (66.7%) (66.4%) (66.3%)
8 316 8 225 7 855 7 053
Male (%)
(39.6%) (33.3%) (33.6%) (33.7%)

Source: Matriculation Division, MOE 47

 NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE OF TEACHERS IN
PRIMARY SCHOOLS BY TYPE OF TRAINING 2009
Non- Untrained
Type of Schools Graduate Total
graduate & Others
National 48 015 122 599 6 012 176 626
National Type (C) 5843 25 867 4 219 35 927
National Type (T) 1 418 5 655 1 568 8 641
Government –Aided Religious
60 85 219 364
School
Special Education 231 474 0 705
55 567 154 680 12 018
Total (Percentage) 222 265
(25%) (70%) (5%)

48
Source: Malaysia Educational Statistics, EPRD, MOE.
 NUMBER OF TEACHERS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS
BY TYPE OF TRAINING 2009*
Untrained
Type of Schools Graduate College Total
& Others
Regular** 128 320 13 783 8 257 150 360
Fully Residential 3 230 98 0 3 328
Religious 3 127 206 59 3 392
Special Education 185 25 1 211
Technical 6 380 1 407 67 7 854
Sports 161 13 0 174
Special Model 776 115 56 947
Art 65 4 6 75
Government –Aided Religious
1 736 692 1 367 3 795
School
143 980 16 343 9 813
Total 170 136
(84.6%) (9.6%) (5.8%)
** Data exclude teachers (1) seconded to semi-government agencies, state religious schools and 49
other agencies, (2) teachers on study leave with full-pay or half-pay, and (3) teachers in pool
 SCHOOL BY OTHER GOVERNMENT AGENCIES (2009)
Number of Number of
Schools Enrolment
Schools Teachers

People Religious Primary Schools 26 758 8 220

People Religious Secondary Schools 93 1 734 23 911

State Religious Primary Schools 8 224 3 094

State Religious Secondary Schools 65 2 889 62 128

MARA Junior Science Colleges 43 2 801 28 578

Royal Military College 1 59 466

50
Source: Malaysia Educational Statistic, EPRD, MOE
EDUCATION STATUS &

TRANSFORMATION

51
 ENROLMENT
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

PRIMARY ENROL 3 035 177 3 004 626 2 959 092 2 899 228 2 860 340
6+ - 11+ POPULATION 3 220 630 3 197 320 3 137 055 3 076 623 3 029 413
ENROL RATE 94.24 5 93.97% 94.33% 94.23% 94.42%
LOWER SEC ENROL 1 362 811 1 397 161 1 402 505 1 409 027 1 385 574
12+ - 14+ POPULATION 1 608 016 1 618 836 1 621 251 1 624 112 1 609 795
ENROL RATE 84.75 86.31 86.51 86.76 86.07
UPPER SEC ENROL 777 484 808 335 826 833 833 313 837 288
15+-16+ POPULATION 1 016 691 1 040 002 1 070 362 1 079 541 1 076 949
ENROL RATE 76.47 77.72 77.25 77.19 77.75
POST SEC ENROL 354 869 162 249 161 447 156 140 168 807
17+ - 18+ POPULATION 984 681 978 504 1 016 691 1 040 002 1 070 362
ENROL RATE 36.04 16.58 15.88 15.01 15.77

52
 INTAKE, ENROLMENT & OUTPUT IN
HIGHER EDUCATION
20 Public Universities
Level Intake Enrolment Output
Matriculation 6,957 10,242 4,509
Certificate 1,470 1,349 166
Diploma 26,255 83,833 18,321
Bachelor 75,127 270,156 59,844
Post Grad Dip 1,779 2,956 2,065
Master 16,158 36,094 8,655
PhD 3,644 12,243 785
Profesional 450 1,249 196
Other 1,260 1,212 81
Sub Total 133,100 419,334 94,622
53
 INTAKE, ENROLMENT & OUTPUT IN
HIGHER EDUCATION

Private HEI (37 Universities, 488 Non-Universities, Total 525)

Level Intake Enrolment Output
Certificate 47,875 60,617 18,269
Diploma 91,483 177,773 32,685
Bachelor 43,261 151,591 26,590
Master 2,924 8,540 962
PhD 303 1,331 55
Sub Total 185,846 399,852 78,561

54
 INTAKE, ENROLMENT & OUTPUT IN
HIGHER EDUCATION
27 Polytechnics
Level Intake Enrolment Output
Certificate 15,019 30,861 13,723
Diploma 25,555 54,419 19,060
Sub Total 40,574 85,280 32,783
43 Community Colleges
Certificate 9,181 16,289 5,287
Diploma 468 793 279
Sub Total 9,649 17,082 5,566
GRAND TOTAL 369,169 921,548 211,532
55
 PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES
Universities Intake Enrolment Graduates

University of Malaya 9 429 14 566 7 285

Science University of Malaysia 7 203 26 690 7 038
National University of Malaysia 8 344 26 698 6 749
Putra University of Malaysia 9 017 29 063 7 942
Technological University of Malaysia 8 595 38 892 9 205
Northern University of Malaysia 8 668 34 643 4 065
International Islamic University of
9 069 26 561 7 226
Malaysia
Sarawak University of Malaysia 1 986 6 687 1 593
Sabah University of Malaysia 4 514 16 848 3 312
Sultan Idris University of Malaysia 3 477 14 409 4 191
56
 PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES
Universities Intake Enrolment Graduates

MARA University of Technology 48 046 129 219 27 475

Darul Iman University of Malaysia 1 650 5 029 1 443
Terengganu University of Malaysia 2 123 5 923 1 616
Islamic Science University of Malaysia 1 801 4 951 286
Tun Hussien Onn University of Malaysia 2 523 7 202 1 979
Malacca Technical University of Malaysia 2 009 5 860 1 265
Pahang University of Malaysia 1 724 5 484 876
Perlis University of Malaysia 1 614 5 302 654
Kelantan University of Malaysia 356 615 0
National Defence University of Malaysia 952 1 238 422
TOTAL 133 100 419 384 94 622 57
 ENROLMENT BY LEVEL BY GENDER IN
PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES
Level Male Female Total
Matriculation 4,265 5,977 10,242
Certificate 571 778 1,349
Diploma 34,940 49,887 83,833
Bachelor 101,715 168,441 270,156
Post Grad Dip 1,008 1,948 2,956
Master 17,063 19,031 36,094
PhD 7,526 4,717 12,243
Profesional 470 779 1,244
Other 777 435 1,212
Total 167,341 (39.9%) 251,993 (60.1%) 419,334
58
 ENROLMENT BY FIELD OF STUDY BY GENDER IN
PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES
Field Male Female Total

Education 12,628 28,828 38,690

Arts & Soc Science 61,033 126,350 171,912

Science 25,681 47,729 69,786

Technical 57,130 35,375 83,326

ICT 10,424 13,361 20,935

Other 341 421 762

Total 167,341 251,193 419,334

59
 ACADEMIC STAFF IN HIGHER EDUCATION

Academic Staff
Institution Number Male Female Total
Public University 20 12,531 12,553 25,084
Private University 37 NA NA 6,847
Pri Higher Educ Inst 488 NA NA 11,234
Polytechnics 27 2,680 3,363 6,043
Community Coll
43 721 935 1,656
Total 615 50,864

60
EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT MASTER PLAN
2006-2010
SIX STRATEGIC THRUSTS
1. Nation Building
2. Human Capital Development
3. Strengthening National
Schools
4. Reducing Education Gap
5. Improving the Prestige of the
Teaching Profesion
6. Promoting Institutional
Excellence

63
EDUCATION NKRA

2010-2013

64
65
66
1. Establish National Committee and Pre-School
Div in MOE
2. National Pre-School Curriculum – 2010
3. Harmonise per capita grants
4. Improve quality of teachers and 30,000 new
teachers
5. Increase pre-school classes to 10,000
6. Increase public-private partneships
7. Develop pre-school information system
67
68
1. Screening of children 3 times a year – children placed
into LINUS or special education program
2. Develop new literacy and numeracy modules
3. LINUS training 17,000 teachers (2009-2010)
4. Building commitment of stakeholders
5. Intensive monitoring & supervision of bottom 10%
schools
6. Placement of expert facilitators at districts

69
70
1. Applicable to all government schools
2. Performance based on composite score, Grade
Point Average (70%) and Standard for Quality
Education Malaysia (30%)
3. All schools (10,000) will be ranked in
performance (2010 onwards)
4. Schools will be eligible for rewards based on
target performance rankings
5. Financial and non financial rewards

71
6. Financial rewards for teachers, head teachers
and principals

10% bottom performers will be provided with

training and mentoring or else tranfers or
voluntary seperation.

www.pemandu.gov.my/etp

72
73
1. Increase autonomy in decision making,
flexibility in adapting curriculum and
instruction methods, selection & redeployment
of teachers and funds
2. Financial incentives for schools, school leaders,
teachers and staff
3. Greater options for human capital dev
4. Option for high achievers to advance faster

74
 SCHOOLS TRANSFORMATION PROGRAM

HIGH
INCENTIVES
PERFORMANCE
1.Financial
SCHOOLS SCHOOL RATING: 2.Options on
human capital
1.Ethos development
2.Character 3.Accelerated
CLUSTERS OF 3.Exceptional in all promotion for
EXCELLENCE SCHOOLS aspects of education student
4.Academic 4.Promotion for
excellence principal and
5.Recognitions teachers
SCHOOLS
6.Alumni support
7,655 PRIMARY
7.International
2189 SECONDARY
networking
TOTAL 9,844
75
EDUCATION TRANSFORMATION (2013 – 2025)
1. Provide equal access to quality
education of international standard
2. Ensure every child is proficient in Malay
and English language
3. Develop values-driven Malaysians
4. Transform teaching into the profesion of
choice
5. Ensure high performing school leaders
in every school
6. Empower SED, DEO & schools to
customize solutions based on needs
EDUCATION TRANSFORMATION (2013 – 2025)
7. Leverage ICT to scale up quality learning
across Malaysia
8. Transform Ministry delivery, capabilities
and capacity
9. Partner with parents, community and
private sector at scale
10. Maximize student outcome for every
Ringgit
11. Increase transparency for public
accountability.
 HIGHER EDUCATION STRATEGIC PLAN,
TOWARDS 2020
SEVEN STRATEGIC THRUSTS
1. Increasing Access and Equity
2. Improving Teaching and Learning Quality
3. Enhancing Research and Innovation
4. Strengthening Higher Education Institutions
5. Increasing Internationalization
6. Enculturation of life long learning
7. Strengthening Delivery by Min of Higher Education.
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 ENHANCING PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES
World renown/top
APEX UNIVERSITIES class status

•Research focused field

RESEARCH UNIVERSITIES
COMPREHENSIVE UNIVERSITIES
SPECIALIZED UNIVERSITIES
(Technical, Education,
Management, Defense)
•Competitive entry RATING
•Quality lecturers
•50 undergrad: 50
postgrad By 2020
One in world top 50
Three in world top
•Comprehensive field
•Competitive entry
100
•Quality lecturers
•70 undergrad: 30 Current Status
postgrad One in world top 200
Three in world top
•Specialized field 400
•Competitive entry
•Quality lecturers
•70 undergrad: 30
postgrad 79
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 ENROLMENT BY LEVEL OF EDUCATION
FOR AGES 17-23 YEARS
Level 2003 2005 2007 2010 2015 2020
Post Sec 158,459 235,740 296,900 351,700 388,300 428,700
Pub Coll 140,999 200,100 234,200 250,500 304,800 370,800
Pub Univ 280,037 310,500 336,900 371,700 458,300 552,600
Pri HE 337,949 336,900 371,100 465,700 567,800 685,800
Overseas 62,301 56,800 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000
Total 979,745 1,140,040 1,289,100 1,485,600 1,759,200 2,087,900
Pop 17-23 yrs 3,277,338 3,399,200 3,510,200 3,628,300 3,840,900 4,147,000
Percentage 29 33 36 40 45 50

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 EDUCATION
2005
EXPENDITURE
2006 2008 2009 2011

% Educ Exp to Gov Exp 19.7 20.5 16.7 15.1 16.71

% Educ Exp to GNP 5.4 5.6 4.5 4.1 4.44

Capital Exp (RM Bilion) 2.567 4.112 3.510 4.503 6.402

Current Exp (RM 22.740 25.242 26.028 27.350 29.360

Bilion)
Total (RM Bilion) 25.307 29.354 29.538 31.403 35.762

% Capital Exp 10 14 12 13 17.9

% Current Exp 90 86 88 87 82.1

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SYSTEM ASPIRATION
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 UPM vice-chancellor Prof Datuk Dr Aini Ideris said making it to the
top 200 universities is proof that they “have successfully
accomplished our Putra Global 200 (PG200), one of the important
aspirations we set in UPM’s Strategic Plan 2014-2020.”

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Read more at https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2019/06/19/um-rises-17-spots-in-world-rankings/#ZTV186VzTJPuruYf.99
Thank You…

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