In-Session Meeting on Nutri-Cereals (Coarse Cereals)

Dr. B Rajender , Joint Secretary

National Food Security Mission (NFSM)
DAC&FW, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare,
1
Govt. of India
 Millets are Nutri-Cereals
 Nutri-Cereals are one of the earliest grains that are being
cultivated and consumed by the people in India and the world.
 Nutri-Cereals can be classified as major and minor Nutri-Cereals.
 Major Nutri-Cereals include sorghum (jowar) & pearl millet
(bajra).
 Minor Nutri-Cereals includes finger millet (Ragi), foxtail millet
(Kangni), proso millet (Cheena), kodomillet, barnyard
millet(Sanwa) and little millet (Kutki).
 Sorghum is the fourth most important food-grain in India after
rice, wheat, and maize in terms of area and production.
 Finger millet (ragi) also forms a major part of the food basket in
some states like Karnataka, Telangana and Uttarakhand.
 Other minor Nutri-Cereals are also being cultivated in varying
scales in various parts of the country, mainly by tribal and
marginal farmers. 2
 Why Millets Production is Beneficial?

 Provide nutritious food and fodder.

 Less water consuming than other cereals.

 Grows faster & putting less stress on environment.

 No pests and diseases problem.

 Can grow in even marginal lands.

 Complete Food and Nutritional Security.

 Will supplement the existing income of the farmers.

3
Nutritional Composition of Millets as compared with major cereal crops (Per 100 g)

Commodity Protein Carbohydrates Fat Crude fibre Mineral matter Calcium Phosphorus
(g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (mg) (mg)

Sorghum 10. 4 72. 6 1. 9 1. 6 1. 6 25 222

Pearl millet 11. 6 67. 5 5. 0 1. 2 2. 3 42 296
Finger millet 7. 3 72. 0 1. 3 3. 6 2. 7 344 283
Proso millet 12. 5 70. 4 1. 1 2. 2 1. 9 14 206
Foxtail millet 12. 3 60. 9 4. 3 8. 0 3. 3 31 290
Kodo millet 8. 3 65. 9 1. 4 9. 0 2. 6 27 188
Little millet 8. 7 75. 7 5. 3 8. 6 1. 7 17 220
Barnyard 11. 6 74. 3 5. 8 14. 7 4. 7 14 121
millet
Barley 11.5 69.6 1.3 3.9 1.2 26 215
Maize 11.5 66.2 3.6 2.7 1.5 20 348
Wheat 11. 8 71. 2 1. 5 1. 2 1. 5 41 306
Rice 6. 8 78. 2 0. 5 0. 2 0. 6 10 160
4
Health Benefits of Nutri-Cereals
Beneficial in detoxifying body

Lowers bad cholesterol level

Prevents onset of breast cancer

Helps to prevent type 2 diabetes

Effective in reducing blood pressure

Helps to protect against heart diseases

Aids in treating respiratory conditions such as
asthma
Helps to optimize kidney, liver and immune
system health
Reduces risk of gastrointestinal condition like
gastric ulcers or colon cancer
Eliminates problems like constipation, excess
gas, bloating and cramping 5
 Area, Production & Yield of Millets in India from 2010-11 to 2016-17
(Area – 000 ha, Production - 000 tonnes & Yield- kg/ha)

Jowar Bajra Ragi Small Millets Total

Year
A P Y A P Y A P Y A P Y A P Y

2012-13 6214.4 5281.5 911.6 7297.4 8742.0 1198.0 1131.0 1574.4 1392.0 754.1 435.7 577.7 15396.9 16033.6 4079.3

2013-14 5793.4 5541.8 956.6 7810.7 9250.1 1184.3 1193.6 1982.9 1661.3 682.3 429.9 630.1 15480.0 17204.7 4432.3

2014-15 6161.4 5445.3 883.8 7318.0 9184.2 1255.0 1208.1 2060.9 1706.0 589.6 385.9 654.5 15277.1 17076.3 4499.3

2015-16 6073.5 4234.7 697.2 7126.0 8061.5 1131.3 1134.2 1817.0 1602.0 607.1 347.2 571.9 14940.8 14460.4 4002.4

2016-17 5129.5 4740.3 924.1 7469.4 9855.7 1319.5 1046.5 1430.3 1366.7 588.2 436.4 741.9 14233.6 16462.7 4352.2
6
 APY during 2016-17 (state-wise)

State Area (000' ha.) Production (000' Ton.) Yield (Kg/ha.) % Cumulative
Sorghum (Jowar)

Maharashtra 2585.0 2165.0 837.5 45.7 45.7

Karnataka 934.0 714.5 765.0 15.1 60.7
Madhya Pradesh 220.0 464.5 2111.6 9.8 70.5
Tamilnadu 264.0 369.1 1397.8 7.8 78.3
Rajasthan 579.3 349.5 603.4 7.4 85.7
Andhra Pradesh 97.0 226.0 2329.9 4.8 90.5
Uttar Pradesh 183.0 183.0 1000.0 3.9 94.3
All India 5129.5 4740.3 924.1 100.0
Pearl Millet (Bajra)

State Area (000' ha.) Production (000' Ton.) Yield (Kg/ha.) % Cumulative

Rajasthan 4150.3 4155.0 1001.1 42.2 42.2

Uttar Pradesh 907.0 1736.0 1914.0 17.6 59.8
Haryana 478.0 964.0 2016.7 9.8 69.6
Gujarat 430.0 948.0 2204.7 9.6 79.2
Maharashtra 845.0 859.0 1016.6 8.7 87.9
Madhya Pradesh 280.0 680.6 2430.8 6.9 94.8
7
All India 7469.4 9855.7 1319.5 100.0
 APY during 2016-17 (state-wise)
State Area (000' ha.) Production (000' Ton) Yield (Kg/ha.) % Cumulative
Finger Millets (Ragi)

Karnataka 599.0 860.4 1436.4 60.2 60.2

Uttarakhand 107.0 160.0 1495.3 11.2 71.3
Tamilnadu 65.1 138.2 2122.7 9.7 81.0
Maharashtra 97.0 113.0 1164.0 7.9 88.9
Odisha 53.3 37.6 704.4 2.6 91.5
Andhra Pradesh 32.0 34.0 1062.5 2.4 93.9
Gujarat 20.0 28.0 1400.0 2.0 95.9
All India 1046.5 1430.3 1366.7 100.0

State Area (000' ha.) Production (000' Ton) Yield (Kg/ha.) % Cumulative

Madhya Pradesh 135.0 88.0 651.9 20.2 20.2

Uttarakhand 63.0 85.0 1349.2 19.5 39.6
Maharashtra 69.0 48.0 695.7 11.0 61.7
Small Millets

Gujarat 31.0 38.0 1225.8 8.7 70.4

Tamilnadu 27.0 26.7 991.8 6.1 76.6
Chhattisgarh 89.2 25.4 284.8 5.8 82.4
Andhra Pradesh 31.0 24.0 774.2 5.5 87.9
Odisha 27.4 13.8 504.9 3.2 91.0
Rajasthan 15.6 10.3 660.1 2.4 93.4
Uttar Pradesh 9.0 7.0 777.8 1.6 95.0
8
All India 588.2 436.4 741.9 100.0
 Why Decline in Millets Area ?
Demand side factors
 Rapid urbanization
 Changing consumer tastes and preferences due to rising per capita income
 Government policies favouring other crops such as output price incentives and
input subsidies
 Supply of PDS rice and wheat at cheaper price introduced in non-traditional
areas of fine cereals.
 Poor social status and inconvenience in their preparation (especially sorghum)
 Low shelf-life of grain and flour.

Supply side factors

 Increasing marginalized cultivation
 Low profitability-low remuneration for millets vis-à-vis competing crops
 More remunerative crop alternatives in kharif competing with millets in
question
 Decline in production & quality - blackening of sorghum grains, fetching low
price
 Lack of incentives for millet production
 Lack of better irrigation infrastructure 9
 The Great Small Millets Bottleneck
Lack of
Awareness Poor Yields Farmers
Hesitant
to
Cultivate
Poor
shelf
life

Small Lack of
Lack of proper
Grains Proper
Processing Market
with Husk
Technology
Poor
Grain
Supply
Lemma
Other
Cereals
sold at
Poor High Price
Poor Utilization
Affordability

Palea

Great Demand for Processed Small Millets 10

Strategies to increase Production & Productivity
SHORT & MID TERM
Supply Side Factors
A. To address the decreasing trend of area and production
through supply enhancements.
1. Creation of awareness about positive aspects like the suitability in the
dry-land agriculture and more adaptability to the climate changes
through demonstration and training programs.
2. Development and distribution of HYVs and hybrids of millets among
the farmers.
3. Creation of Seed Hub to maintain own quality seeds to avoid
purchasing seeds every year from the open market.
4. Creation of systematic channel for timely distribution of improved
agronomic practices and other technical assistance with utmost
priority.
5. Assured remunerative price through proper buy-back arrangements.
11
 Strategies to increase Production & Productivity
B. To narrow down the reduction in yield gaps and its impact on the
farmers income.
1. Developing and supplying location specific HYVs & Package of Practices
(PoPs) mainly in the rain-fed areas.
2. To fill yield gaps, proper training of the farmers and follow up measures
of the improved technologies to be taken up.
3. Proper weed management is required to check the yield reduction.
4. To increase farmers’ income, government must ensure the provision for
regular MSP for millets and thereby regular procurement of these
millets.
5. Small millets need special focus under mission mode for PoPs, timely
supply of inputs including seeds, financial inclusion and timely need
based training.
6. Soil health condition of the millets growing regions need to be recorded
in Soil Health Cards.
7. NGOs working on millets need to be made more involved in the
grassroots level policy development.
12
Strategies to increase Production & Productivity

Long Term Strategies

 Promotion of Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs)
 Inclusive policy supports for small and minor millets.
 Developing proper market intelligence system.
 Creating farm gate processing and warehouse
facilities.
 Promotion of integrated farming systems approach.

13
Strategies to increase Production & Productivity
Demand Side Factors
A. Demand creation for millets products through Value
addition
1. Generation of awareness about the nutritional and health
benefits of the millets and their products.
2. Awareness programs to eliminate the low social status attached
to the consumption of the millets and their products.
3. Inclusion of millets under Mid-day-Meal (MDM) Scheme and
other Government schemes.
B. Price support policies
4. There is no provision of MSP for the minor millets including kodo
and little millet from the government. This may hamper the
cultivation of these crops which in turn will have a negative
impact on the farmers. 14
 Strategies to increase Production & Productivity
C. Improvement of export competitiveness
1. Release of pests and diseases resistant varieties to improve grain
quality for reducing the competitiveness in the international
market.
2. Co-operative or collective cultivation for reducing the cost of
cultivation and improve the bargaining power of the farmers.
3. Value addition of millets products to improve the export
competitiveness.
4. Diversification of export basket for gaining exports like gluten free,
sweet sorghum syrup, alcoholic beer, stalks based ethanol/grain
based potable spirit, nutri- foods etc.
5. Providing incentives to millets growers, processing and value
addition enterprises.
6. Provide tax benefits to value added millet products to generate
demand and area expansion.
15
Action initiated under NFSM

• Millets being named as Nutri-Cereals.

• Implementation of Sub-Mission on Nutri-Cereals

to enhance the production and productivity.

• Celebration of year 2018 as “National Year of

Millets”.

16
2018 as National Year of Nutri-Cereals - Celebrations
• Launch of Nutri-Cereal Sub Mission under NFSM.
• Convergence of policy stakeholders for mainstreaming millets
• Startups-Nutri-Cereals conclave and Health and Wellness business meeting
• National workshop on FPO’s on Nutri-Cereals
• Sensitization programme for Dieticians, Nutrition and Medical Doctors
• Workshop on Crop improvement, Value addition, and Impact assessment
• FPO’s / Industries linkages on nutri-Cereals
• Summit on Nutri-Cereals breeding for Food processing
• National stakeholders meeting on R&D Perspectives
• National Nutri-Cereal empowerment in Tribal and Hilly areas
• Micro values chains and FPO’s in Tribal/ Ecosystem
• National conference on Processing of millets
• Convergence of private and public sectors for the cause of Nutri-Cereals
promotion and State wise Millets Festivals 17
 Interventions proposed under Nutri-Cereals
Interventions proposed under Nutri-Cereals

S.No Interventions Pattern of Assistance

1 Cluster demonstration
2 Seed distribution
3 Certified Seed production
4 Integrated Nutrient Management
5 Integrated Pest Management
6 Farm implements
@ Rs.6000 per hectare
@ Rs. 30/Kg for less than 10 year old and Rs. 15/Kg for
more than 10 year old varieties. Hybrid @Rs. 100/kg
@ Rs. 30/kg
Micro –nutrients and Bio-fertilizers @ Rs. 500/ha
Weedicides/ Plant Protection Chemicals &bio agents @ Rs.
500/ha
For SC/ST/Women farmer/Small & Marginal farmers @
50% of the cost or Rs. 600 per unit for manual sprayer and
for other farmers 40% of the cost or Rs. 500 per unit
whichever is less

7 Irrigation devices Sprinkler @ Rs. 10,000/ha or 50% of the cost whichever is

less
8 Capacity building of farmers Cropping system based training@ Rs. 14000 per training of
four session (30 farmers each)
9 Formation of FPOs in cluster areas/ creation 100% GoI share
of processing unit for FPOs/ aid for Centre of
Excellences /Creation of Seed Hubs /Events
and Workshop Organizations /Publicity
/Distribution of Seed MiniKits

10 Local Initiatives As per State Government requirement 18

 NFSM- National Food Security Mission
Nutri-Cereals as Nutricereals-New Dimensions in
Promotion of Nutri-Cereals in India
Interventions Proposed
• Demonstrations
– Demonstrations of Improved Packages of Practices
– Front Line DemonstrationS (FLDs) / Cluster Front Line Demonstrations (CFLDs)
• Need Based Inputs
– Enhancing Breeder Seed Production
– Creation of Seed Hubs & Centralized buffer seed facility at IIMR, Hyderabad
– Multiplication of Seeds and Supply of Seed Minikits
• Value Chain integration of small producers
– Federating Farmer Producer Organizations
– Demonstration cum Training Centres- Millet Processing Centers (KVKs/FPOs)
– Small Millet Processing Clusters (local entrepreneur/progressive
farmers/SHGs/NGOs)

19
 Major component of Nutri-Cereals
• Development activities: Cluster demonstration, incentive for seed
production, distribution of minikits, micro-nutrients, bio-fertilizers, need
based weedicides and pesticides, plant protection equipments, sprinklers
and training of farmers, etc.
• Marketing support: Ceation of Farmers Producer Organizations
(FPOs)/Self Help Groups (SHGs), setting up of processing units in cluster
areas/block. Assured procurement at Minimum Support Price (MSP), etc.
• Research support: Support for breeder seed production, creation of seed
hubs for production of certified seed of Nutri-Cereals, support to Centre
of Excellence (CoE) for development of recipes and training of
entrepreneur and progressive farmers. Identification of newer varieties of
Jowar, Bajra, Ragi and Small Nutri-Cereals with high nutritional value, etc.
• Awareness activities: Organization of National/State level workshops,
district level festival, road show, awareness campaign through electronic,
print & social media. Organization of Kisan Melas at ICAR Institutes/KVKs
and inclusion of Nutri-Cereals in social sector schemes like Mid Day Meal,
etc. 20
Earlier Schemes under go with these crops
FINANCIAL STATUS OF NFSM (Rs. in crore)

Total NFSM Coarse Cereals

Year
Allocation Allocation
2015-16 1554.48 124.20
2016-17 2327.4 188.50
2017-18 2230.24 157.40

States and districts covered under NFSM

Name of crop No. of States No. of Districts

Coarse Cereals 28 265

produce coarse cereals – 45.65 million tonnes during 2017-
18
Targets
increase crop productivity in low yielding districts having
low productivity in comparison to State average
21
 Crop-wise fund allocation during 2018-19

Rs. in lakh

S. State
Crop GOI Share Total
No. Share

2018-19
NFSM-Coarse Cereals (for maize
4. 8000.00 3888.889 11888.889
and barley only)
NFSM-Nutri-Cereals (for Jowar,
5. 20850.00 13316.667 34166.667
Bajra, Ragi and Small Nutri-Cereals)

Total 28850.00 17205.556 46055.556*

* Excluding central agencies allocation

22
Allocation of funds under NFSM amongst different
interventions
S. Interventions % allocation % % allocation
No. for NFSM- allocation for for NFSM
Pulses NFSM-Nutri- other Crops
Cereals (Rice & Wheat)

1 Demonstration 30 30 40

2 Seed Distribution 15 15 20

3 Seed Production 15 15 -

4 INM & IPM 15 15 15

5 Flexi component including farm 25 25 25

Machineries & Custom Hiring, Water saving
devices, Capacity Building/Training, Local
Initiatives etc.

Total 100 100 100

23
Number of Districts covered under Nutri-Cereals in respective States

No. of Districts under various crops

No. of
S.No. States Districts Jowar Bajra Ragi Other Nutri-Cereals
1 Andhra Pradesh 7 5 1 2 4
2 Chhattisgarh 10 - - - 10
3 Gujarat 19 4 14 2 -
4 Haryana 9 2 9 - -
5 Karnataka 25 15 7 13 5
6 Madhya Pradesh 24 9 4 - 15
7 Maharashtra 26 23 11 7 -
8 Odisha 6 - - 5 2
9 Rajasthan 23 10 21 - -
10 Tamil Nadu 15 11 2 5 -
11 Telangana 4 4 - - -
12 Uttar Pradesh 24 5 19 1 -
13 Uttrakhand 9 - - 9 6
14 West Bengal 1 - - 1 -
Total 202 88 88 46 42

24
 WAY FORWARD
 Introduction of all millets under PDS scheme, which
will create huge demand. This will give a boost to the
production of all the millets and consequently, it will
add to the existing income of the farmers.
 Assured procurement support with competitive prices
to encourage diversification of areas
 Implementation of “Sub-Mission on Nutri-Cereals” for
providing financial assistance to Nutri-Cereals growing
states to enhance production and productivity.
 Preparation of Roadmap for five year and Celebration
of 2018 as year of Nutri-Cereals 25
26