Torsion

and
Flanged Bolt Couplings and
Thin-Walled Tubes
Module 5
Torsion
Module 5.1
Torsional Deformation of a Circular Shaft

Torque - moment that

tends to twist a member
about its longitudinal axis;
also known as "twisting
moment"
Torsion
Analysis Procedure
 Apply equations of compatibility
 Apply equations of equilibrium
 Satisfy boundary conditions
General Assumptions
 Circular sections remain circular
 Plane sections remain plane and do not warp/twist
 Radial lines remain straight
 Torque is applied perpendicular to axis of shaft
 Stresses are within the proportional limit
Formula involving Torsion
 Angle of Twist

 Shear Stress

 Maximum Shear Stress, when

J = Polar Moment of Inertia

(SOLID SHAFT)
(HOLLOW SHAFT)
Sign convention: Right hand rule
Torque in terms of Power

where:
Example:
A solid steel bar of circular cross section as shown has diameter d=1.5 in.,
length L=54 in., and shear modulus of elasticity G =11.5 x 10^6 psi. The bar
is subjected to torques T acting at the ends.
(a) If the torques have magnitude T=250 lb-ft, what is the maximum shear
stress in the bar? What is the angle of twist between the ends?
(b) If the allowable shear stress is 6000 psi and the allowable angle of
twist is 2.5 degrees, what is the maximum permissible torque?
Example:
A solid steel shaft is loaded as shown in the figure. Using G = 83 GPa,
determine the required diameter of the shaft if the shearing stress is
limited to 60 MPa and the angle of rotation at the free end is not to
exceed 4 deg.
Flanged Bolt Couplings and Thin-
Walled Tubes
Module 5.2
 Flanged Bolt Couplings
 used to connect two shaft
 Torque is transmitted by shearing
force P created in the bolts
 Torque Capacity of one bolt circle;
 For n number of bolts in one bolt circle ;
 For more than one bolt circle ;

 Shear deformations in the bolts are proportional to their radial distances

from the shaft axis;
 From Hooke's Law for shear,

 If uniform cross-section and homogeneous , the equation reduces to:

Thin-Walled Tubes
 Used to construct light-weight structures (e.g. aircraft)

 (a) Thin-walled tube in torsion;

 (b) torsional shear stresses are balanced by longitudinal shear stresses
 Shear flow q- the product of average shear stress and thickness is
same at each point on the tube's cross sectional area;

Since q is constant, occurs at

 Average Shear Stress,

 Since , the shear flow throughout the section is

 Angle of twist for thin-walled tubes at constant thickness:

 Angle of twist for thin-walled tubes not at constant thickness:

Example:
A flanged bolt coupling consists of ten 20-mm-diameter bolts spaced
evenly around a bolt circle 400 mm in diameter. Determine the torque
capacity of the coupling if the allowable shearing stress in the bolts is
40 MPa.
Example:
A flanged bolt coupling consists of eight 10-mm-diameter steel bolts
on a bolt circle 400 mm in diameter, and six 10-mm-diameter steel
bolts on a concentric bolt circle 300 mm in diameter, as shown in the
figure. What torque can be applied without exceeding a shearing stress
of 60 MPa in the bolts?
Example:
A torque of 600 N·m is applied to the rectangular section shown in the
figure. Determine the wall thickness t so as not to exceed a shear stress
of 80 MPa. What is the shear stress in the short sides? Neglect stress
concentration at the corners.