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The Causes of World
War I
The outbreak of World War I in 1914 was the result of a complex web of political,
economic, and social factors that had been building up for decades. Tensions between
the major European powers, the rise of nationalism, and the system of alliances all
contributed to the escalation of tensions that ultimately led to the war.
The Assassination of Archduke Franz
Ferdinand
June 28, 1914
Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-
Hungarian throne, is assassinated in Sarajevo by
Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip.
Outbreak of War
Serbia rejects the ultimatum, and Austria-Hungary
declares war on Serbia, setting off a chain reaction of
declarations of war among the major European
powers.

1 2 3

Austria-Hungary Blames Serbia

Austria-Hungary holds Serbia responsible for the
assassination and issues an ultimatum with harsh
demands.
The Outbreak of War in Europe
Alliances Escalate
Germany and Austria-Hungary
form the Central Powers, while
Russia, France, and Britain form
the Allied Powers. As the powers
mobilize, the war quickly spreads
across Europe.
Trench Warfare Begins
The war on the Western Front
quickly descends into a stalemate,
with both sides digging elaborate
trench systems and engaging in
brutal battles of attrition.
Global Conflict Emerges
The war also spreads to other
fronts, including the Eastern Front,
the Middle East, and the seas, as
the major powers mobilize their
global resources and colonies.
The Major Alliances and Powers Involved

1 The Allied Powers 2 The Central Powers

Britain, France, Russia, Italy, Japan, and later the Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, and
United States Bulgaria

3 Shifting Alliances 4 Superpower Rivalry

Italy initially joins the Central Powers but later The war was also fueled by the growing rivalry
switches sides to the Allies between the great powers of Europe
The Trench Warfare and Stalemate on the
Western Front
Digging In
Both sides quickly established extensive trench systems, creating a static front that stretched
across much of Western Europe.

Bloody Battles
Attempts to break the stalemate resulted in massive casualties, as new technologies like
machine guns and artillery inflicted heavy losses on both sides.

Deadlock
After years of brutal fighting, the Western Front remained largely unchanged, with neither side
able to achieve a decisive victory.
The Entry of the United States into the War

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare Turning the Tide

Germany's decision to resume unrestricted The arrival of over 2 million American troops helped
submarine warfare, sinking American merchant to shift the balance of power and contributed to the
ships, prompted the U.S. to declare war on Germany eventual Allied victory.
in 1917.

Transforming the War Global Reach

The U.S. entry into the war marked a significant The war also marked the emergence of the United
turning point, both in terms of resources and States as a global superpower, setting the stage for
influence on the outcome. its later role in shaping the post-war world.
The Armistice and the Treaty of Versailles

Armistice Treaty of Versailles League of Nations

On November 11, 1918, an
armistice was signed, ending the
fighting on the Western Front.
The Paris Peace Conference
resulted in the Treaty of Versailles,
which imposed harsh terms on
Germany, laying the groundwork
for future conflicts.
The treaty also established the
League of Nations, an early attempt
at an international organization to
prevent future wars.
The Legacy and Impact of World War I
Casualties Over 9 million military deaths and 7 million civilian
deaths

Territorial Changes The collapse of the Ottoman, Austro-Hungarian, and

Russian empires led to the creation of new nation-
states in Europe and the Middle East

Political Shifts The war marked the decline of Europe's powers and
the rise of the United States and Soviet Union as
global superpowers

Cultural Impact The war had a profound impact on art, literature, and
popular culture, reflecting the trauma and
disillusionment of the conflict
THANKS!