SECURITY

INVESTIGATION
 SECURITY INVESTIGATION
• SECURITY INVESTIGATION IS ONE OF THE MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF A SECURITY
ORGANIZATION. THIS INVESTIGATION IS USUALLY NON-CRIMINAL IN NATURE
BUT STILL IMPORTANT SINCE IT MAY RESULT IN CIVIL LITIGATION.
• A PLANNED AND ORGANIZED DETERMINATION OF FACTS CONCERNING SPECIFIC
EVENTS, OCCURRENCES, OR CONDITIONS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE IS
DEFINED AS AN INVESTIGATION.
• SECURITY, ON THE OTHER HAND, MEANS THE PROTECTION OF PROPERTY FROM
LOSS THROUGH THEFT, FRAUD, FIRES, THREATS, OR HAZARDS.
• A SECURITY INVESTIGATION IS A PLANNED AND ORGANIZED DETERMINATION
OF FACTS CONCERNING A SPECIFIC LOSS OR DAMAGE OF ASSETS DUE TO
THREATS, HAZARDS, OR UNSECURED CONDITIONS.
• ELEMENTS OF INVESTIGATION

• 1. INVESTIGATOR

• 2. PURPOSE

• 3. SUBJECT OF THE INVESTIGATOR

• THE FOUR (4) I’S IN INVESTIGATION

• 1. INFORMATION: THE KNOWLEDGE WHICH THE INVESTIGATOR GATHERS FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES

A. ACQUIRED FROM REGULAR SOURCES. CONSCIENTIOUS AND PUBLIC SPIRITED CITIZENS, COMPANY FILES, SCHOOL
FILES, OR RECORD FILE OF OTHER AGENCIES

B. ACQUIRE FROM CULTIVATED RESOURCES. PAID INFORMANTS, BARTENDERS, CAB DRIVERS, ACQUAINTANCES, ETC.

2. INTERROGATION: THE SKILLFUL QUESTIONING OF WITNESSES AS WELL AS SUSPECTS IT IS THE QUESTIONING OF A SUSPECT OR
OTHER PERSON WHO IS RELUCTANT TO DIVULGE INFORMATION CONCERNING THE OFFENSE UNDER INVESTIGATION.

3. INTERVIEW: SIMPLE QUESTIONING OF A PERSON WHO HAS NO REASON TO WITHHOLD INFORMATION.

4. INSTRUMENTATION IS THE APPLICATION OF INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF THE PHYSICAL SCIENCES TO THE DETECTION OF
CRIMES. IN OTHER WORDS, THE SUMMATION OF THE APPLICATION OF ALL SCIENCES IN CRIME DETECTION IS KNOWN AS
CRIMINALISTICS.

• PURPOSE OF THE INVESTIGATION

• 1. TO IDENTIFY THE OFFENDER

• 2. TO LOCATE THE OFFENDER

• 3. TO PROVIDE EVIDENCE OF GUILT

 • QUALITIES OF AN EFFECTIVE INVESTIGATION

THE FOLLOWING ARE ATTRIBUTES THAT CHARACTERIZE AN EFFECTIVE AND RELIABLE INVESTIGATION, AS OUTLINED IN THE
ASSET PROTECTION AND SECURITY MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK:

• 1.OBJECTIVITY

• THE INVESTIGATOR MUST ACCEPT ANY FACT, REGARDLESS OF ITS SIGNIFICANCE FOR PRECONCEIVED IDEAS. OBJECTIVITY IS ACHIEVED
BY RECOGNIZING THE INVESTIGATOR’S PERSONAL PREJUDICES AND COMPENSATING FOR, OR NEUTRALIZING, THEIR EFFECT ON THE
INVESTIGATION.

2. THOROUGHNESS

• A THOROUGH INVESTIGATOR CHECKS ALL LEADS AND CHECKS KEY LEADS MORE THAN ONCE TO ASSURE CONSISTENCY IN RESULTS.
WHEN THE STATEMENT OF AN INTERVIEWEE IS CRITICAL, THE FACTS SHOULD BE REVIEWED SEVERAL TIMES IF AT ALL POSSIBLE
WITHOUT COMPROMISING THE INVESTIGATION. CORROBORATING IMPORTANT ASPECTS THROUGH DIFFERENT SOURCES IS A PROVEN
MEANS OF ACHIEVING THOROUGHNESS.

3. RELEVANCE

• RELEVANCE MEANS THAT THE INFORMATION DEVELOPED PERTAINS TO THE SUBJECT OF THE INVESTIGATION. ANOTHER ASPECT OF
RELEVANCE IS CAUSE AND EFFECT.

4. ACCURACY

• THE MENTAL PROCESSES THAT COLLECT AND SORT DATA FROM THE PHYSICAL SENSES OFTEN PRODUCE ERRORS. SOUND INVESTIGATIVE
TECHNIQUES DICTATE FREQUENT TESTS FOR VERIFICATION. IF DATA IS SUBJECT TO PHYSICAL MEASUREMENT, IT MUST BE MEASURED. IF
AN INFORMANT IS THE ONLY SOURCE OF KEY DATA, THE INFORMANT SHOULD BE TESTED AT LEAST FOR CONSISTENCY IN GIVING THE
VERSION. ALL INFORMATION MUST BE TESTED FOR INHERENT CONTRADICTIONS.

5. TIMELINESS

• IT IS AN EXTENSION OF THOROUGHNESS. IT REQUIRES THAT THE INVESTIGATION BE CARRIED OUT TO THE LATEST POSSIBLE POINT AT
WHICH INFORMATION RELEVANT TO THE INVESTIGATION MIGHT BE FOUND.
 • QUALITIES FOUND IN A SUCCESSFUL INVESTIGATOR

• 1.PROFESSIONALISM

• AS AN INVESTIGATOR IN A PROFESSIONAL CAPACITY, IT IS IMPERATIVE TO MAINTAIN A HIGH LEVEL OF PROFESSIONALISM. ESTABLISHING CREDIBILITY
AND REPUTATION WITHIN ONE'S FIELD IS A SIGNIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENT. ONE MUST EXHIBIT A STRONG DEDICATION TO THE TASKS THEY UNDERTAKE
AND POSSESS A PROPENSITY FOR ONGOING ADVANCEMENT AND EXCEPTIONAL PERFORMANCE.

2. INTEGRITY

• INTEGRITY IS CONSIDERED ONE OF THE MOST CRUCIAL VIRTUES FOR AN INVESTIGATOR. IN THE CAPACITY OF AN INVESTIGATOR, ONE WILL ENCOUNTER
DIVERSE CASES THAT ENTAIL ACCESS TO INDIVIDUALS' PERSONAL LIVES. MAINTAINING DISCRETION AND CONFIDENTIALITY REGARDING ONE'S WORK
AND REFRAINING FROM UTILIZING SUCH INFORMATION IN INAPPROPRIATE MANNERS IS THE INDIVIDUAL'S RESPONSIBILITY.

3. PERSISTENCE

• INVESTIGATING CASES CAN BE FRUSTRATING AT TIMES. THIS IS BECAUSE MOST CASES REQUIRE PERSISTENT AND PROACTIVE WORK UNTIL THE END,
WHEN THE CASE IS CLOSED. BASICALLY, A PROFESSIONAL INVESTIGATOR DOES NOT HAVE THE OPTION OF GIVING UP.

4. PROBLEM SOLVER

• YOU NEED TO HAVE ANALYTICAL SKILLS AND THE ABILITY TO THINK LOGICALLY. ONLY A GOOD PROBLEM SOLVER WILL BE ABLE TO WORK UNDER
IMMENSE PRESSURE AND SUCCESSFULLY CLOSE THE CASE.

5. SELF-DRIVEN

• AS A PROFESSIONAL INVESTIGATOR, ONE TYPICALLY ENGAGES IN SOLITARY WORK WITH GREAT DILIGENCE. YOU ARE NOT UNDER THE CONTROL OF A
THIRD PARTY IN YOUR WORK. THE INDIVIDUAL HOLDS THE POWER TO MAKE ALL DECISIONS. TO ACHIEVE SUCCESS AS A PROFESSIONAL INVESTIGATOR,
MOTIVATION IS A CRUCIAL ATTRIBUTE.

6. COURAGE

• THE JOB OF A PROFESSIONAL INVESTIGATOR MAY ENTAIL CERTAIN HAZARDS. IT IS POSSIBLE THAT ONE MAY ENCOUNTER INDIVIDUALS WHO POSE A
POTENTIAL THREAT TO THEIR SAFETY. TO ATTAIN SUCCESS AS A PROFESSIONAL INVESTIGATOR, ONE MUST POSSESS THE ABILITY TO HANDLE DIVERSE
SITUATIONS WITH PREPAREDNESS.
• SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO AN INVESTIGATION

1. DEFINE THE INVESTIGATIVE PROBLEM. IDENTIFY THE REQUIREMENTS:

A. THE REASON FOR THE INVESTIGATION
B. THE PARTICULAR PHASES OR ELEMENTS OF INVESTIGATION ASSIGNED TO THE INVESTIGATOR
C. DISCERN WHETHER THE INVESTIGATION IS TO BE HANDLED OVERTLY OR DISCREETLY
D. THE PRIORITY AND SUSPENSE DATE ASSIGNED TO THE INVESTIGATION
E. ORIGIN OF THE INFORMATION
2. COLLECTION OF RELEVANT DATA
A. PREPARE A WRITTEN INVESTIGATIVE PLAN THAT INCLUDES:
• INFORMATION NEEDED
• METHODS USED IN GATHERING INFORMATION
• LOCATION OF SOURCES TO FURNISH THIS INFORMATION
B. METHODS AND SOURCES TO BE USED BY THE INVESTIGATOR
• PERSONAL OBSERVATION
- UNDERCOVER/USE OF AGENT
- SURVEILLANCE
- RAIDS AND SEIZURES
- DIRECT VISIT TO THE SCENE
• STUDY OF DOCUMENTS OR RECORDS
- OPERATIONAL FILES
- IDENTITY OF DOCUMENTS
- NEWSPAPERS, BOOKS, PERIODICALS, ETC.

- CORRESPONDENCE, LETTER MAILS, TELEGRAMS, ETC.

 • USE OF INTERROGATION AND INTERVIEW

• USE OF RECRUITED INFORMANTS

• LIAISON WITH AGENCIES THAT POSSESS THE INFORMATION

3. ANALYSIS AND VERIFICATION OF THE INFORMATION NEEDED

A. ANALYSIS INVOLVES A STUDY OF THE INFORMATION IN TERMS OF THE QUESTIONS SET OUT TO ANSWER.

• DATA COLLECTED SHOULD BE COMPLETE

•SUPPLIED INFORMATION MUST BE BASED ON FACTS

B. VERIFICATION METHOD INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING:

• PERSONAL OBSERVATION OF THE AGENT

•SECURE RELIABLE STATEMENTS FROM INDIVIDUALS MAKING PERSONAL OBSERVATION THROUGH

EXPERIENCE

•DOCUMENTS OR PHYSICAL EVIDENCE

4. DRAWING THE CONCLUSION IS THE FUNCTION AND RESPONSIBILITY OF THE PERSON REQUESTING THE
INVESTIGATION.
• GUIDELINES IN INVESTIGATION

1. PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION

2. INVESTIGATION PROPER

A. SEARCH OF THE CRIME SCENE

B. TAKING OF PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE CRIME SCENE

C. CRIME SCENE SKETCH

D. CARE OF EVIDENCE

3. METHODS OF INVESTIGATION

A. INFORMATION

B. INTERROGATION

C. INSTRUMENTATION
 • INVESTIGATION REPORT

• AN INVESTIGATION REPORT IS A WRITTEN DOCUMENT IN WHICH THE INVESTIGATOR RECORDS THE ACTIVITIES OF THE
INVESTIGATION AND THE EVIDENCE GATHERED.

• PURPOSE OF THE INVESTIGATION REPORT

• 1. TO PROVIDE A PERMANENT OFFICIAL RECORD OF THE INVESTIGATION.

• 2. TO PROVIDE OTHER INVESTIGATORS WITH THE INFORMATION NECESSARY TO FURTHER ADVANCE THE INVESTIGATION.

• 3. TO UPHOLD THE STATEMENTS AS FACTS ON WHICH DESIGNATED AUTHORITIES MAY BASE A CRIMINAL CORRECTIVE OR
DISCIPLINARY ACTION.

• QUALITIES OF AN INVESTIGATION REPORT

• 1. THE REPORT SERVES AS AN OBJECTIVE STATEMENT OF THE INVESTIGATION'S FINDINGS.

• 2. THE REPORT IS AN OFFICIAL RECORD OF THE INFORMATION RELEVANT TO THE INVESTIGATION THAT THE INVESTIGATOR
SUBMITS TO HIS SUPERIOR.

• 3. THE REPORT IS CLEAR, BRIEF, ACCURATE, IMPARTIAL, AND COMPLETE.

• 4. THE REPORT IS WITHOUT THE INVESTIGATOR’S OPINION OR OTHER IRRELEVANT FACTS FOREIGN TO THE CASE.

• 5. THE REPORT IS ACCURATE AND A TRUE REPRESENTATION OF THE FACTS OF THE CASE.

• 6. THE REPORT IS CLEARLY, LOGICALLY AND CHRONOLOGICALLY DEVELOPED.

• PARTS OF THE REPORT

• THE INVESTIGATION REPORT CONTAINS THE FOLLOWING COMPONENTS:

1. ADMINISTRATIVE DATA

A. DATE

B. FILE NUMBER

C. SUBJECT

D. COMPLAINT

E. REPORTING INVESTIGATOR

F. OFFICE OF ORIGIN

G. STATUS

H. DISTRIBUTION

2. SYNOPSIS: A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACTIONS OF THE PERPETRATOR AS ESTABLISHED IN THE BODY OF THE REPORT.

3. DETAILS OF THE REPORT— OBJECTIVE OF THE INVESTIGATION

4. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION—INCLUDE THE INVESTIGATOR’S OPINION, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS.

5. ENCLOSURES—PHOTOGRAPHS, SKETCHES, SWORN STATEMENTS, ETC.

 • A SAMPLE REPORT FORMAT AND ITS PARTS

• I .AUTHORITY
• THIS SECTION CONTAINS A BRIEF STATEMENT OF WHEN, WHERE, AND BY WHOM THE INVESTIGATION WAS MADE AND SHOULD
CITE THE AUTHORITY FOR MAKING IT.
• II. MATTERS TO BE INVESTIGATED
• THIS SECTION REPRESENTS THE MISSION OF THE INVESTIGATOR. IN ESSENCE, IT ANSWERS THE QUESTION, "WHAT IS THE
INVESTIGATION ABOUT?"
• III. FACTS OF THE CASE

• THIS SECTION PRESENTS THE REAL TRUTH AS REGARDS THE MATTER BEING INVESTIGATED. THE REPORT MUST CONTAIN THESE
TWO MAIN CHARACTERISTICS: COMPLETENESS AND CLARITY. IT SHOULD BE COHERENT IN THE PRESENTATION OF ALL
PERTINENT FACTS. IT SHOULD BE FREE FROM ARGUMENT OR BIAS AND FULLY SUPPORTED BY EVIDENCE.
• IV. DISCUSSION:

• DISCUSSION SHOULD SET FORTH THE PRESUMPTION AND INFERENCES FROM ALL THE CIRCUMSTANCES IN THE CASE WHEN
APPROPRIATE. THE GOAL IS TO GIVE THE DIRECTING AUTHORITY THE CLEAREST POSSIBLE PICTURE. IT SHOULD CONTAIN SUCH
RELATED FACTUAL MATTERS OF ARGUMENT AS MAY BE NECESSARY TO ESTABLISH THE CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.
• V. CONCLUSION:

• IT REPRESENTS A CONCISE SUMMARY OF THE RESULTS OF THE INVESTIGATION. THIS IS USUALLY STATED IN THE ORDER
NATURALLY SUGGESTED BY THE STATEMENT OF THE ALLEGATIONS OR FACTS.
• VI. RECOMMENDATION:

• IT CONTAINS PRACTICAL SUGGESTIONS AS TO APPROPRIATE ACTION TO BE TAKEN TO MAKE THE CASE SUITABLE IN ALL PHASES.
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