CELL-THE UNIT OF LIFE

BY 5 MINUTE SCHOOL
 The study of cell is called , Cytology.
 Types of Cell: On the bases of Nucleus –Prokaryotic cell ,Mesokaryotic Cell, Eukaryotic cell.

 Prokaryotic cell
Prokaryotic cell is represent by
Bacteria, Blue green algae,
mycoplasma and PPLO.
The genetic material is naked;
single strand circular DNA.
 Mesokaryotic Cell
A Mesokaryotic cell shows
 Eukaryotic cell
intermediate resemblance to
Eukaryotic cell represent all the
both eukaryotic and prokaryotic
protists, fungi, plants and animal.
cell.
It possess an organised nucleus
 Dinoflagellates, marine algae
with a nuclear envelop.
they possess Mesokaryotic
cells.

5 MINUTE SCHOOL
 A comparative study of prokaryotic, Mesokaryotic and
Eukaryotic cell.
Topic Prokaryotic Mesokaryotic Eukaryotic
1. Cell Wall 1. Present and made up 1. Generally absent. 1. Present only in plant cell and
with peptidoglycan. made up with cellulose and
hemicellulose.

2. Nucleo membrane 2. Absent 2. Present 2. Present.

3. Nuclear matter 3. Nucleoid or Circular 3. Chromosome. 3. Chromosome.
DNA.
4. Chromosomal Protein. 4. Polyaminoacid. 4. Acidic Non Histon 4. Basic Histon protein.
Protein
5.Centromere 5. Absent. 5. absent. 5. Present.
6. Centrosome 6. Absent. 6.Absent 6. Only in animal cell.
7.Ribosome 7. 70s 7.80 S 7. 80S

5 MINUTE SCHOOL
 Cell Structure

Cell membrane +Cell Nucleolus Cytoplasm Cell Organelles

Wall
5 MINUTE SCHOOL
 Cell Wall

 Non living: outside the Plasma

membrane.
 Found in plants, Fungi, Bacteria, Algae
and some Archaebacteria.
 Animals and Protozoans doesn’t process
cell wall.

Cell wall Made up with

Bacteria Peptidoglycan
Fungi Chitin
Algae Cellulose, Galactans, Calcium carbonate
Plants Cellulose, Hemicellulose, Pectin & Proteins.

5 MINUTE SCHOOL
 Cell Membrane :
 It is composed of Lipids that are
arranged in bilayer. With polar head
towards the out side and hydrophobic
tails towards inside.
 Carbohydrates and Proteins are also
present in the cell membrane.
 some proteins are present at the
peripheral region of the cell membrane
called, peripheral protein.
 some proteins are emerged in the
lipid bilayer, called integral protein.

Functions:
 Transportation of molecules : Semi permeable/ Selectively
permeable.
 Passive Transport: along with the concentration gradient.
 Active Transport: against the concentration gradient.
5 MINUTE SCHOOL
Endocytosis: cellular process in which substances
are brought into the cell.
Pinocytosis: When a cell engulf liquid substance,
the process is called pinocytosis.
Phagocytosis: When a cell engulf solid substance,
the process is called phagocytosis.

ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM:
It includes Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Apparatus, Lysosomes and
vacuoles.

5 MINUTE SCHOOL
 The Endoplasmic Reticulum :

 A network or reticulum of tiny tubular

structures scattered in the cytoplasm
known as, Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER).

 The endoplasmic reticulum bearing

ribosome on their surface is known as
Rough Endoplasmic reticulum
(RER).Involved in Protein synthesis and
secretion.

 In the absence of ribosome ER appear

smooth and are called Smooth
Endoplasmic reticulum(SER). Involved
in lipid synthesis.
Endoplasmic Reticulum

5 MINUTE SCHOOL
 Golgi Apparatus:

 Helps process and package proteins and lipid

molecules.
 Has two faces; Convex side- Forming face and
Concave face- maturing face.
 Golgi apparatus is the important site of
formation of glycoproteins and glycolipids.

 Lysosomes:
 Mainly Found in the animal cell.
 Also known as ‘suicidal bags’.
 Contain various type of hydrolytic enzymes (Lipases,
Proteases, Carbohydrase).

5 MINUTE SCHOOL
 Vacuoles:

 The vacuoles are membrane bound found in the

cytoplasm.
 In the plant cell vacuoles occupied 90% of the
volume of the cell.
 Membrane of the vacuole is called –tonoplast.

5 MINUTE SCHOOL
 Batch -1
WBCS 2023 Mains Batch
 Weekly -3 Classes(Paid)
 Fees- 350(for new Admission)
 250 (for old student of 2023 pre batch)
Batch -2
WBCS 2024 Batch
Preliminary+ Main & Miscellaneous+ Clerkship
Weekly - 4 Classes for WBCS GS
4 Classes for Math/GI (Paid)
weekly -3 classes for miscellaneous/clerkship
 Fees-500(monthly) For new & Old student
Batch -3
Miscellaneous & Clerkship Batch

Weekly -3 Classes for GS + 4 classes for Math/Gi

 Fees-350(monthly
 Mitochondria:

 It is a double membrane bound structure.

 The inner compartment is called Matrix.
 The inner membrane forms infolding called,
Cristae.
 It is the site for Aerobic Respiration. They
produce ATP , hence called power house of the
cell.
 Matrix possesses single circular DNA,RNA
molecules and Ribosome etc,.
 They divide by fission.

5 MINUTE SCHOOL
 Plastids
 Plastids are found in all plant cell and
euglenoids.
 They bear some specific pigments.

Rodoplast (Red)

Pheaoplast (Brown)
Chromoplast
Colour-Plastids Xanthoplast (yellow)
Chloroplast(Green)
Carotenoplast
Plastids
Amyloplast (Orange)

Colour less Plastids (Carbohydrates)

Leucoplast Elaioplast
(oils and fats)

5 MINUTE SCHOOL
Ribosomes

 Ribosomes are the granular structure first

observed under the electron microscope as
dense particles by Palade.
 They are composed of ribonucleic acid (RNA)
and proteins.
 Not surrounded by any membrane.
 It is called the ‘ protein Factory ‘ of the cell.
 The eukaryotic ribosome are 80S and
prokaryotic ribosomes are 70S.

5 MINUTE SCHOOL
 Centrosome & Centrioles :

 Centrosome is an organelle usually

containing two cylindrical structures called
centrioles.
 Both the centrioles in a centrosome lie
perpendicular to each other.
 They are made up of nine evenly spaced
peripheral fibril of tubulin protein.
 The centrioles forms basal body of cilia or
flagella and Spindle fibres that gave rise to
spindle apparatus during cell division in
animal cell.

5 MINUTE SCHOOL
 Nucleus :

 Nucleus as a cell organelle was first discovered by

Robert Brown.


5 MINUTE SCHOOL