Performance Analysis of Solar

Photovoltaic Array using Incremental

Conductance method
A Minor Project
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Presented by
Under the Supervision of
Shalini (213517)
Miss- Jaya Shukla Deepshikha (213503)
Dashrath (213532)
Department of Electrical Engineering

U.N.S.I.E.T V.B.S.P.U JAUNPUR[2013-2017]

 CONTENTS

• Objective.
• Material & Methodology.
• Introduction.
• MPPT technique.
• Incremental Conductance Method.
• Advantages & Disadvantages.
• Expected Result & References.
 OBJECTIVE

• To simulate a PV array model using SIMULINK/MATLAB.

• To study the performance of solar PV array using Incremental
Conductance Method.
• To study of maximum power point tracking (mppt) techniques
in a solar photovoltaic array.
BASE PAPER-
MPPT Based Improvement of Solar Power Efficiency Using
SIMULINK- IJAREEIE, (An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified
Organization)
Vol. 4, Issue 6, June 2015, ISSN (Print) : 2320 – 3765
ISSN (Online): 2278 – 8875
 INTRODUCTION

• Solar collectors concentrate the sunlight that falls on them and

convert it to energy.
• PV modules still have relatively low conversion efficiency;
therefore, controlling maximum power point tracking (MPPT)
for the solar array is essential in a PV system.
• The amount of power generated by a PV depends on the
operating voltage of the array.
• A PV’s maximum power point (MPP) varies with solar
insulation and temperature.
 MATERIAL & METHODOLOGY

Materials-
• Solar array panel
• Dc to Dc power converter
• MPPT controller.

Methodology-
• MPPT technique
 WHAT IS MPPT?

• A typical solar panel converts only 30 to 40 percent of the

incident solar irradiation into electrical energy.
• Maximum power point tracking technique is used to improve
the efficiency of the solar pannel.
• According to Maximum Power Transfer theorem, the power
output of a circuit is maximum when the Thevenin impedance
of the circuit (source impedance) matches with the load
impedance.
• Hence our problem of tracking the maximum power point
reduces to an impedance matching problem.
 TYPES Of MPPT TECHNIQUE
1. Current sweep method-
• The current sweep method uses a sweep waveform for the PV
array current such that the I-V characteristic of the PV array is
obtained and updated at fixed time intervals.
• The maximum power point voltage can then be computed from
the characteristic curve at the same intervals.
2. Constant voltage method-
• Also known as Open Voltage Method.
• The term "constant voltage" in MPP tracking is used to describe
different techniques by different authors, one in which the output
voltage is regulated to a constant value under all conditions and
one in which the output voltage is regulated based on a constant
ratio to the measured open circuit voltage (VOC).
3. Perturb and Observe Method-
• Also called “Hill Climbing Method”.
• In this method the controller adjusts the voltage by a small
amount from the array and measures power; if the power
increases, further adjustments in that direction are tried until
power no longer increases.

4. Incremental Conductance Method-

• In the incremental conductance method, the controller
measures incremental changes in PV array current and voltage
to predict the effect of a voltage change.
 BASIC BLOCK DIAGRAM
It consists of solar panel, DC-DC power converter, MPPT
controller, load. Initially voltage and current from the solar
panel is sensed by using voltage and current sensor.
 INCREMENTAL CONDUCTANCE
METHOD
• Incremental conductance method uses two voltage and current
sensors to sense the output voltage and current of the PV array.

• At MPP the slope of the PV curve is 0.

(dP/dV)MPP=d(VI)/dV
0= I +VdI /dVMPP
dI /dVMPP = - I/V
• This method utilizes the incremental conductance (dI /dV) of the
photovoltaic array to compute the sign of the change in power with
respect to voltage (dP /dV).
• The left hand side is the instantaneous conductance of the solar
panel.When this instantaneous conductance equals the conductance
of the solar then MPP is reached. Here we are sensing both the
voltage and current simultaneously.
 ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

Advantages
• Independent of solar panel
characteristics.
• Output is very efficient.
• This can increase the
tracking efficiency.
• No power loss due to
oscillations.
Disadvantages
• It is comparatively slower.
• Slow and complex
graphical user interface.
• Calculations are not well
optimized.
• Not an automatic controller.
• Installation cost is high.
 EXPECTED RESULT

• The paper proposes a simple MPPT method that requires

only measurements of Incremental conductance.
• The proposed MPPT algorithm is called Incremental
conductance Method.
• However, by using this MPPT method we have increased
efficiency by 44%.
• This method computes the maximum power and controls
directly the extracted power from the PV.
• The proposed method offers different advantages which are:
good tracking efficiency, response is high and well control
for the extracted power.
 REFRENCES

• Jiang.A. et. Al., ”Maximum Power Tracking for Photovoltaic

Power Systems,” Tamkang Journal of Science and
Engineering, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 147-153, 2005.
• A new Analog MPPT Technique: TEODI - N. Femia, G.
Petrone, G. Spagnuolo, M. Vitelli.
• H. Altas and A.M. Sharaf, ”A Photovoltaic Array Simulation
Model for Matlab- Simulink GUI Environment”.
• Literature survey on maximum power point tracking (mppt)
technique for photovoltaic (pv) system, Umesh T. Kute, Preeti
S. Ratnaparkhi, IJAREAS Vol. 2 No. 12 December 2013.