Mathematics in

Modern World
 Activity #1
Classify the following entries in the list below
A. English Noun C. Mathematical Expression
B. English sentence D. Mathematics sentence
1. Cat 1. A
2. 2 2. C
3. 1+ 2 = 4 3. D
4. Monday 4. A
5. 5 – 3 = 2 5. D
6. The cat is black. 6. B
7. x 7. C
8. x = 1 8. D
9. Michaella is beautiful. 9. B
10. t + 3 10. C
 Activity #1
Classify the following entries in the list below
A. English Noun C. Mathematical Expression
B. English sentence D. Mathematics sentence
1. Cat 1. A
2. 2 2. C
3. 1+ 2 = 4 3. D
4. Monday 4. A
5. 5 – 3 = 2 5. D
6. The cat is black. 6. B
7. x 7. C
8. x = 1 8. D
9. Michaella is beautiful. 9. B
10. t + 3 10. C
 Activity #1
Classify the following entries in the list below
A. English Noun C. Mathematical Expression
B. English sentence D. Mathematics sentence
1. Cat 1. A
2. 2 2. C
3. 1+ 2 = 4 3. D
4. Monday 4. A
5. 5 – 3 = 2 5. D
6. The cat is black. 6. B
7. x 7. C
8. x = 1 8. D
9. Michaella is beautiful. 9. B
10. t + 3 10. C
 Activity #1
Classify the following entries in the list below
A. English Noun C. Mathematical Expression
B. English sentence D. Mathematics sentence
1. Cat 1. A
2. 2 2. C
3. 1+ 2 = 4 3. D
4. Monday 4. A
5. 5 – 3 = 2 5. D
6. The cat is black. 6. B
7. x 7. C
8. x = 1 8. D
9. Michaella is beautiful. 9. B
10. t + 3 10. C
 Activity #1
Classify the following entries in the list below
A. English Noun C. Mathematical Expression
B. English sentence D. Mathematics sentence
1. Cat 1. A
2. 2 2. C
3. 1+ 2 = 4 3. D
4. Monday 4. A
5. 5 – 3 = 2 5. D
6. The cat is black. 6. B
7. x 7. C
8. x = 1 8. D
9. Michaella is beautiful. 9. B
10. t + 3 10. C
 Activity #1
Classify the following entries in the list below
A. English Noun C. Mathematical Expression
B. English sentence D. Mathematics sentence
1. Cat 1. A
2. 2 2. C
3. 1+ 2 = 4 3. D
4. Monday 4. A
5. 5 – 3 = 2 5. D
6. The cat is black. 6. B
7. x 7. C
8. x = 1 8. D
9. Michaella is beautiful. 9. B
10. t + 3 10. C
 Activity #1
Classify the following entries in the list below
A. English Noun C. Mathematical Expression
B. English sentence D. Mathematics sentence
1. Cat 1. A
2. 2 2. C
3. 1+ 2 = 4 3. D
4. Monday 4. A
5. 5 – 3 = 2 5. D
6. The cat is black. 6. B
7. x 7. C
8. x = 1 8. D
9. Michaella is beautiful. 9. B
10. t + 3 10. C
 Activity #1
Classify the following entries in the list below
A. English Noun C. Mathematical Expression
B. English sentence D. Mathematics sentence
1. Cat 1. A
2. 2 2. C
3. 1+ 2 = 4 3. D
4. Monday 4. A
5. 5 – 3 = 2 5. D
6. The cat is black. 6. B
7. x 7. C
8. x = 1 8. D
9. Michaella is beautiful. 9. B
10. t + 3 10. C
 Activity #1
Classify the following entries in the list below
A. English Noun C. Mathematical Expression
B. English sentence D. Mathematics sentence
1. Cat 1. A
2. 2 2. C
3. 1+ 2 = 4 3. D
4. Monday 4. A
5. 5 – 3 = 2 5. D
6. The cat is black. 6. B
7. x 7. C
8. x = 1 8. D
9. Michaella is beautiful. 9. B
10. t + 3 10. C
 Activity #1
Classify the following entries in the list below
A. English Noun C. Mathematical Expression
B. English sentence D. Mathematics sentence
1. Cat 1. A
2. 2 2. C
3. 1+ 2 = 4 3. D
4. Monday 4. A
5. 5 – 3 = 2 5. D
6. The cat is black. 6. B
7. x 7. C
8. x = 1 8. D
9. Michaella is beautiful. 9. B
10. t + 3 10. C
 Activity #1
Classify the following entries in the list below
A. English Noun C. Mathematical Expression
B. English sentence D. Mathematics sentence
1. Cat 1. A
2. 2 2. C
3. 1+ 2 = 4 3. D
4. Monday 4. A
5. 5 – 3 = 2 5. D
6. The cat is black. 6. B
7. x 7. C
8. x = 1 8. D
9. Michaella is beautiful. 9. B
10. t + 3 10. C
Proposition
 Examples of a proposition
1. My mother is a doctor.
2. I can pass all my exams.
3. Two points determine a line.
4. The product of two negative
numbers is positive.
5. Either Math or Science is interesting.
6. Saturday is the best day for all of us.
 Examples of a proposition
1. My mother is a doctor.
2. I can pass all my exams.
3. Two points determine a line.
4. The product of two negative
numbers is positive.
5. Either Math or Science is interesting.
6. Saturday is the best day for all of us.
 Examples of a proposition
1. My mother is a doctor.
2. I can pass all my exams.
3. Two points determine a line.
4. The product of two negative
numbers is positive.
5. Either Math or Science is interesting.
6. Saturday is the best day for all of us.
 Examples of a proposition
1. My mother is a doctor.
2. I can pass all my exams.
3. Two points determine a line.
4. The product of two negative
numbers is positive.
5. Either Math or Science is interesting.
6. Saturday is the best day for all of us.
 Examples of a proposition
1. My mother is a doctor.
2. I can pass all my exams.
3. Two points determine a line.
4. The product of two negative
numbers is positive.
5. Either Math or Science is interesting.
6. Saturday is the best day for all of us.
 Examples of a proposition
1. My mother is a doctor.
2. I can pass all my exams.
3. Two points determine a line.
4. The product of two negative
numbers is positive.
5. Either Math or Science is interesting.
6. Saturday is the best day for all of us.
 Examples of a proposition
1. My mother is a doctor.
2. I can pass all my exams.
3. Two points determine a line.
4. The product of two negative
numbers is positive.
5. Either Math or Science is interesting.
6. Saturday is the best day for all of us.
 Activity #2

Give 5 examples of a
 true proposition
 False proposition
Simple and Compound Proposition
Simple and Compound Proposition
Examples of a simple proposition
1. A midpoint is a point that divides the
segment into two congruent parts.
2. Luzon is the biggest island in the
Philippines.
3. A triangle is a polygon with three sides.
4. Mathematics is the easiest subject.

5. 2 + 3x = 8
Examples of a simple proposition
1. A midpoint is a point that divides the
segment into two congruent parts.
2. Luzon is the biggest island in the
Philippines.
3. A triangle is a polygon with three sides.
4. Mathematics is the easiest subject.

5. 2 + 3x = 8
Examples of a simple proposition
1. A midpoint is a point that divides the
segment into two congruent parts.
2. Luzon is the biggest island in the
Philippines.
3. A triangle is a polygon with three sides.
4. Mathematics is the easiest subject.

5. 2 + 3x = 8
Examples of a simple proposition
1. A midpoint is a point that divides the
segment into two congruent parts.
2. Luzon is the biggest island in the
Philippines.
3. A triangle is a polygon with three sides.
4. Mathematics is the easiest subject.

5. 2 + 3x = 8
Examples of a simple proposition
1. A midpoint is a point that divides the
segment into two congruent parts.
2. Luzon is the biggest island in the
Philippines.
3. A triangle is a polygon with three sides.
4. Mathematics is the easiest subject.

5. 2 + 3x = 8
Examples of a simple proposition
1. A midpoint is a point that divides the
segment into two congruent parts.
2. Luzon is the biggest island in the
Philippines.
3. A triangle is a polygon with three sides.
4. Mathematics is the easiest subject.

5. 2 + 3x = 8
 Examples of a
compound proposition
1. Mathematics is the easiest subject or the
most boring subject.
2. A polygon is a triangle if and only if it has
three sides.
3. If 2x +5 = 11, then x = 3.
4. Arjay is playing basketball and Merwin is
playing badminton.
5. If three points lie on the same line, then
they are collinear.
 Examples of a
compound proposition
1. Mathematics is the easiest subject or the
most boring subject.
2. A polygon is a triangle if and only if it has
three sides.
3. If 2x +5 = 11, then x = 3.
4. Arjay is playing basketball and Merwin is
playing badminton.
5. If three points lie on the same line, then
they are collinear.
 Examples of a
compound proposition
1. Mathematics is the easiest subject or the
most boring subject.
2. A polygon is a triangle if and only if it has
three sides.
3. If 2x +5 = 11, then x = 3.
4. Arjay is playing basketball and Merwin is
playing badminton.
5. If three points lie on the same line, then
they are collinear.
 Examples of a
compound proposition
1. Mathematics is the easiest subject or the
most boring subject.
2. A polygon is a triangle if and only if it has
three sides.
3. If 2x +5 = 11, then x = 3.
4. Arjay is playing basketball and Merwin is
playing badminton.
5. If three points lie on the same line, then
they are collinear.
 Examples of a
compound proposition
1. Mathematics is the easiest subject or the
most boring subject.
2. A polygon is a triangle if and only if it has
three sides.
3. If 2x +5 = 11, then x = 3.
4. Arjay is playing basketball and Merwin is
playing badminton.
5. If three points lie on the same line, then
they are collinear.
 Examples of a
compound proposition
1. Mathematics is the easiest subject or the
most boring subject.
2. A polygon is a triangle if and only if it has
three sides.
3. If 2x +5 = 11, then x = 3.
4. Arjay is playing basketball and Merwin is
playing badminton.
5. If three points lie on the same line, then
they are collinear.
 Logical Connective
(also called logical operator) is a symbol or a
word which is used to connect two or more
sentences.

Each logical connective can be expressed as a

truth function.
 Logical Connective
(also called logical operator) is a symbol or a
word which is used to connect two or more
sentences.

Each logical connective can be expressed as a

truth function.
 Logical Connective
1. Negation – is the opposite of a statement, usually
employing the word not. The symbol to indicate
negation is ~
Examples:
 Luzon is the biggest island in the Philippines.
 2 + 3x = 8

Negation:
 Luzon is not the biggest island in the Philippines.
 2 + 3x ≠ 8
 Logical Connective
1. Negation – is the opposite of a statement, usually
employing the word not. The symbol to indicate
negation is ~
Examples:
 Luzon is the biggest island in the Philippines.
 2 + 3x = 8

Negation:
 Luzon is not the biggest island in the Philippines.
 2 + 3x ≠ 8
 Logical Connective
1. Negation – is the opposite of a statement, usually
employing the word not. The symbol to indicate
negation is ~
Examples:
 Luzon is the biggest island in the Philippines.
 2 + 3x = 8

Negation:
 Luzon is not the biggest island in the Philippines.
 2 + 3x ≠ 8
 Logical Connective
1. Negation – is the opposite of a statement, usually
employing the word not. The symbol to indicate
negation is ~
Examples:
 Luzon is the biggest island in the Philippines.
 2 + 3x = 8

Negation:
 Luzon is not the biggest island in the Philippines.
 2 + 3x ≠ 8
 Logical Connective
1. Negation – is the opposite of a statement, usually
employing the word not. The symbol to indicate
negation is ~
Examples:
 Luzon is the biggest island in the Philippines.
 2 + 3x = 8

Negation:
 Luzon is not the biggest island in the Philippines.
 2 + 3x ≠ 8
 Logical Connective
2. Conjunction – is a compound sentence formed by
using the word and to join two simple sentences. The
symbol for this is л. When two simple sentences, p and
q, are joined in a conjunction statement, the
conjunction is expressed symbolically as p л q.

Examples:
 Luzon is the biggest island in the Philippines.
 Luzon has beautiful places to visit.
Conjunction:
 Luzon is the biggest island in the Philippines and it
has beautiful places to visit.
 Logical Connective
2. Conjunction – is a compound sentence formed by
using the word and to join two simple sentences. The
symbol for this is л. When two simple sentences, p and
q, are joined in a conjunction statement, the
conjunction is expressed symbolically as p л q.

Examples:
 Luzon is the biggest island in the Philippines.
 Luzon has beautiful places to visit.
Conjunction:
 Luzon is the biggest island in the Philippines and it
has beautiful places to visit.
 Logical Connective
2. Conjunction – is a compound sentence formed by
using the word and to join two simple sentences. The
symbol for this is л. When two simple sentences, p and
q, are joined in a conjunction statement, the
conjunction is expressed symbolically as p л q.

Examples:
 Luzon is the biggest island in the Philippines.
 Luzon has beautiful places to visit.
Conjunction:
 Luzon is the biggest island in the Philippines and it
has beautiful places to visit.
 Logical Connective
3. Disjunction – is a compound sentence formed by
using the word or to join two simple sentences. The
symbol for this is V. When two simple sentences, p and
q, are joined in a disjunction statement, the disjunction
is expressed symbolically as p V q.

Examples:
 Mathematics is the easiest subject.
 Mathematics is the most boring subject
Disjunction:
 Mathematics is the easiest subject or it is the most
boring subject.
 Logical Connective
3. Disjunction – is a compound sentence formed by
using the word or to join two simple sentences. The
symbol for this is V. When two simple sentences, p and
q, are joined in a disjunction statement, the disjunction
is expressed symbolically as p V q.

Examples:
 Mathematics is the easiest subject.
 Mathematics is the most boring subject
Disjunction:
 Mathematics is the easiest subject or it is the most
boring subject.
 Logical Connective
3. Disjunction – is a compound sentence formed by
using the word or to join two simple sentences. The
symbol for this is V. When two simple sentences, p and
q, are joined in a disjunction statement, the disjunction
is expressed symbolically as p V q.

Examples:
 Mathematics is the easiest subject.
 Mathematics is the most boring subject
Disjunction:
 Mathematics is the easiest subject or it is the most
boring subject.
 Logical Connective
4. Implication – is a type of relationship between two
statements or sentences.

Conditional Statement – is a type of compound

statement, denoted by p → q read as p implies q or if p
then q, where p is called hypothesis and q is called
conclusion.

Examples:
 If you study hard, then you can pass the exam.
 If x + 3 = 5, then x = 2.
 Logical Connective
4. Implication – is a type of relationship between two
statements or sentences.

Conditional Statement – is a type of compound

statement, denoted by p → q read as p implies q or if p
then q, where p is called hypothesis and q is called
conclusion.

Examples:
 If you study hard, then you can pass the exam.
 If x + 3 = 5, then x = 2.
 Logical Connective
4. Implication – is a type of relationship between two
statements or sentences.

Conditional Statement – is a type of compound

statement, denoted by p → q read as p implies q or if p
then q, where p is called hypothesis and q is called
conclusion.

Examples:
 If you study hard, then you can pass the exam.
 If x + 3 = 5, then x = 2.
 Logical Connective
4. Implication – is a type of relationship between two
statements or sentences.

Conditional Statement – is a type of compound

statement, denoted by p → q read as p implies q or if p
then q, where p is called hypothesis and q is called
conclusion.

Examples:
 If you study hard, then you can pass the exam.
 If x + 3 = 5, then x = 2.
 Logical Connective
4. Implication – is a type of relationship between two
statements or sentences.
Biconditional Statement – is a type of compound
statement, denoted by p ↔ q read as p if and only if q.

Examples:
 Two lines are parallel if and only if they have the
same slope.
 You will pass the exam if and only if you work
hard.
 Logical Connective
4. Implication – is a type of relationship between two
statements or sentences.
Biconditional Statement – is a type of compound
statement, denoted by p ↔ q read as p if and only if q.

Examples:
 Two lines are parallel if and only if they have the
same slope.
 You will pass the exam if and only if you work
hard.
 Logical Connective
4. Implication – is a type of relationship between two
statements or sentences.
Biconditional Statement – is a type of compound
statement, denoted by p ↔ q read as p if and only if q.

Examples:
 Two lines are parallel if and only if they have the
same slope.
 You will pass the exam if and only if you work
hard.
 Logical Connective
4. Implication – is a type of relationship between two
statements or sentences.
Biconditional Statement – is a type of compound
statement, denoted by p ↔ q read as p if and only if q.

Examples:
 Two lines are parallel if and only if they have the
same slope.
 You will pass the exam if and only if you work
hard.
Truth Value and Truth Tables
Truth Value and Truth Tables
Truth Value and Truth Tables
Truth Value and Truth Tables

p q ~p ~q pᴧq pVq p→q p↔q

T T F F T T T T

T F F T F T F F

F T T F F T T F

F F T T F F T T
Truth Value and Truth Tables

p q ~p ~q pᴧq pVq p→q p↔q

T T F F T T T T

T F F T F T F F

F T T F F T T F

F F T T F F T T
Truth Value and Truth Tables

p q ~p ~q pᴧq pVq p→q p↔q

T T F F T T T T

T F F T F T F F

F T T F F T T F

F F T T F F T T
Truth Value and Truth Tables

p q ~p ~q pᴧq pVq p→q p↔q

T T F F T T T T

T F F T F T F F

F T T F F T T F

F F T T F F T T
Truth Value and Truth Tables

p q ~p ~q pᴧq pVq p→q p↔q

T T F F T T T T

T F F T F T F F

F T T F F T T F

F F T T F F T T
Truth Value and Truth Tables

p q ~p ~q pᴧq pVq p→q p↔q

T T F F T T T T

T F F T F T F F

F T T F F T T F

F F T T F F T T
Truth Value and Truth Tables

p q ~p ~q pᴧq pVq p→q p↔q

T T F F T T T T

T F F T F T F F

F T T F F T T F

F F T T F F T T
 Activity #3
Write the truth value and truth
tables
p q ~p ~q ~p ᴧ ~q ~p V ~q ~p → ~q ~p ↔ ~q

T T F F

T F F T

F T T F

F F T T
Write the truth value and truth
tables
p q ~p ~q ~p ᴧ ~q ~p V ~q ~p → ~q ~p ↔ ~q

T T F F F F T T

T F F T F T T F

F T T F F T F F

F F T T T T T T