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Vertical Transportation Lifts N Esclators
Vertical Transportation Lifts N Esclators
LIFTS
2. ESCALATORS
It is an appliance designed to transport persons or materials between
two or more levels in a vertical direction by means of a guided car or
platform.
Lifts are required for tall structure to give comfort.
By law the lift should be given only after the height exceeds 15m. The
size of the lift depends upon the load and the number of persons using
the lift.
A lift is essentially a platform that is either pulled or pushed up
by a mechanical means. A modern day lift consists of a cab
(also called a "cage" or "car") mounted on a platform within an
enclosed space called a shaft. In the past, lift drive mechanisms
were powered by steam and water hydraulic pistons.
The friction between the ropes and the pulley furnishes the
traction which gives this type of lift its name.
S Description Hydraulic Lift Traction Lift
No.
3. Size of lift shaft 10-15% smaller cause there is no 10-15% more than hydraulic
counter weight. lifts.
4. Civil work co-ordination Not required. Essential.
5. Erection time Less time in erection and also Less possibility of reduction in
less complicated. time and complicated erection.
10. Installations Less time and simple. More complicated and more time
consuming.
11. Power consumption Require power only for upward Requires power for moving in
direction . both the direction.
Due to less area required for machine room and due to less size of well
there is saving of the floor space.
The movement of the lift is sensed by control panel when the button of the lift is pushed.
The control panel controls the main movement of the cage or car. The machinery has an
isolated switch to cut off the movement of the cage.
The whole of the machinery consists of the driving system. The machine room must have
a temperature of 10-40degree. Driving system consists of a motor driven by electric
power of 3-30kN.
Motor is the AC motor which drives the whole system through the shaft.
The walls of masonry should be minimum 230mm. All the four walls should be in
straight vertical line to give easy lift movement.
2. Lift pit:
The space in the lift well below the level of he lowest lift
landing served. Pit is provided with minimum 2 buffers for
cars to absorb the shocks in accidental cases. These
buffers are in the form of spring. The depth of the water
proof pit is 1400mm minimum.
The cage or car is the carrier of the people and the goods. The car
is suspended through a pulley by steel ropes. To counter weight
the load of the car there is always a counter weight at the bottom
in the water proof pit to maintain a balance.
As central as possible.
It should be close to the entrance and also to the staircase. Close to the
staircase reduces the demand and load.
It s preferable to group the lifts and not scattering them. It increases the
efficiency and offsets the waiting time and also deceases the builders
work, erection will be fast. Maintenance becomes easy. It also helps in
having 1 machine room than having 3-4 machine rooms for 3-4 lifts.
Location of the lift should be easily seen from the entrance especially in
commercial and shopping complex.
In hospitals, it should be close to the operation theatres.
Lobby of the lift should be wide enough for free flow of passengers.
Waiting people should not obstruct the passage.
Number and size is related to following considerations:
Population of building (no. of passengers).
Type of occupants (type of building for e.g. hotel, office, apartment,
etc.).
Starting and finishing time of population.
No. of floors and height of floors.
Quantity of service (no. of passengers at the peak period)to be provided
to the occupants.
Quality of service (is measured in waiting time of the passengers) to be
provided to the occupants.
For office buildings: if 1 lift is provided for every 3 floors than quality is
said to be excellent. If 1 lift is provided for 4 floors than it is rated as
average. And if 1 lift is provided for 5 floors than it is rated as below
average.
For other type of buildings NBC provide standard criteria for quality of
service.
S No. Occupancy Gross area in meter
square per person
1. Residential 12.5
2. Education 4.0
3. Institutional 1.5
4. Assembly buildings 1.5
5. Mercantile like shopping centers 3
Type
Control
Speed
Type of doors
Passenger lift
Hospital lift
Fireman’s lift
Also referred as freight lift or service lift.
It is just like passenger lift but less decorative but comparatively large.
Tough and strong body so that it can withstand the abrasion due to placement of
goods in car.
Speed does not exceed 1m/s.
They have to have accurate floor leveling to have wheeled trolleys.
Besides carrying goods they have to carry 1 or 2 attendants.
For offices, if the lift have to carry documents, stationery, registers than their usual
speed is 0.4m/s and load is only 10-35kgs.
When smaller type of goods have to be carried than speed is between 0.25-0.5m/s.
For larger type of goods the speed is 0.5m/s.
Depending upon the requirement the size of the lift may vary considerably.
In hotels these lifts are provided for food services, than the speed is 0.4 m/s (when
used in hotels they are called dumb waiters).
It is used to move sick passengers.
Minimum width of the car is 1.4m so that the doctors can stand.
Swing door.
The depth of any step tread in the direction of travel shall not be
less than 40cm and the rise between treads shall not be more than
22cm. The width of a step tread shall be not less than 40cm or
more than 102cm.
But in specific areas where the population is increased, the speed can be
0.7m/s.
The nominal width or step width varies from 600-1200mm.
Clear and enough landing space for passenger in both the directions.
Speed 0.6-1.33m/s.
It is ideal for airports, railways & shopping centers. The width varies
from 600-1000mm. This arrangement can be ideal for buildings for
handicap persons on wheel chair. For operating there are switches on
both ends.
Lift cages are one after the other with capacity of two persons with no
db oors. Size of each car is 1m*1m. In one shaft pair of 2 cars one
going up and other coming down.
Slow speed of 0.426m/s.
These are usually planned at the university or school or where people
are young.
Only advantage:
Hardly any waiting period due to continuous movement.
Disadvantages:
Maximum floor it can travel is 7 (G+6).
Makes lot of noise.
Front side is open, fire and smoke can easily travel from
one floor to topmost floor
The complexity of a paternoster's mechanical system is quite low: two
endless chains lead through the hoistway at opposite corners. The cars
are supported diagonally by both chains. A view on the picture (left)
easily shows, what seems to be so hard to understand when explained
in words.
The picture shows the patenoster without it's safety features in order to
show just the principle of movement. The cars go up on the left side of
the shaft and back down on the right side.
The attachment of the cars to the chains is crucial: the upper, right
corner of each car-frame is connected to the front chain, the upper, left
corner to the chain in the back. The distance between the spots in
which the car-frame is connected to the chains stays constantly the
same for the whole travel of the paternoster. The virtual axis through
these spots stays horizontally, so does the car frame and thus the entire
car.