COMMON

ALDEHYDES &
KETONES,
SYNTHESIS OF
ALDEHYS &
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
0 0
1
ALDEHYDE 2
KETONES
S
IDENTIFYING AND
NAMING ALDEHYDES
IDENTIFYING AND
NAMING KETONES

0 0
3
SYNTHESIS 4
SYNTHESIS
OF OF
ALDEHYDES KETONEN
 ALDEHYDES
0
AND
1
KETONES
Aldehydes and ketones are two related
categories of organic compounds that
both contain the carbonyl group, shown
below
 AND
KETONES
The difference between aldehydes and
ketones is the placement of the carbonyl
group within the molecule.
An aldehyde is an organic compound
that has hydrogen attached in the
carbonyl group.
A ketone is an organic compound that
has no hydrogen attached in the carbonyl
group.
ALDEHYDES
Aldehydes are named by finding
the longest continuous chain that
contains the carbonyl group.
Change the-e at the end of the
name of the alkane to -al.
For the common name of
aldehydes start with the common
parent chain name and add the
suffix -aldehyde.
NAME THIS STRUCTURE
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BUTANAL HEPTANAL
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3- 2-HEXENAL
METHYLPEN
TANAL
KETONES
For ketones, R and R′ must be
carbon chains, of either the same
or different lengths.
Name the parent compound by
finding the longest continuous
chain that contains the carbonyl
group.
Change the-e at the end of the
name of the alkane to -one.

Example:
Methyl instead of “yl” change it to
“one” so the result would be
Methanone.
ALDEHYDE AND KETONE
Aldehyde has more priority than
ketone

If the ketone is the substituent the

name will be changed to “oxo”
NAMING THIS STRUCTURE
NAMING THIS STRUCTURE

ACETONE 2-
PENTANONE
NAMING THIS STRUCTURE
NAMING THIS STRUCTURE

5-BROMO-2- 5-
HEPTANONE OXOHEXANA
L
 OF
ALDEHYDES
Oxidation of 1o alcohols with
PCC to form aldehydes
 OF
ALDEHYDES
Hydration of an alkyne to form
aldehydes
 OF
ALDEHYDES
Reduction of an ester, acid
chloride or nitrile to form
aldehydes
 SYNTHESIS
OF KETONES
Oxidation of 2o alcohols to form
ketones
 SYNTHESIS
OF KETONES
Hydration of an alkyne to form
ketones
 SYNTHESIS
OF KETONES
Friedel-Crafts acylation to form
a ketone
 SYNTHESIS
OF KETONES
Reaction of Grignard reagents
with nitriles to form ketones
 ALDEHYDES AND
KETONES
Alkenes can be cleaved using
ozone (O3) to form aldehydes
and/or ketones