ONE PAST BUT MANY

HISTORIES:
CONTROVERSIES AND
CONFLICTING VIEWS IN
THE PHILIPPINE HISTORY
SITE OF FIRST MASS
 March 31. 1521- A little island port named mazaua.
 Two identical accounts report on this event.
 By Antonio Pigafetta (1521)- eastern Sunday
 By Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas (1601)
 Mazawa- is a word found only in Butuan (Tausug)
 Historian Zonia Zaide identified masao (mazaua) in Butuan
as the location of the first mass (diary of Antonio Pigafetta)
That’s why!
 Congresswoman Ching plaza of Agusan del norte, butuan city
filed a bill in congress contesting the Limasawa ( the site of
first mass)
 Philippine congress referred the matter to NHI
 NHI- chair Dr. Samuel k. Tan reaffirmed Limasawa as the
site of the first mass.
 June 19, 1960- R.A NO. 2733 (Limasawa Law)
 The site of first mass
Limasawa
Island, Souther Bolinao, Masao or Mazau in
leyte Pangasinan Butuan Agusan del Norte

 Butuanous
 Recognition from Philippine  Marker, church
government  The Presence of Balanghai
 1324
 Recognition from Roman  Fray Odorico  Gold
catholic church Pordenone  Abundance of rice field
 Embassy of Spain  Fruili, Italy
 Food supplies
 Embassy of Portugal in manila.
 Mazau as Magellans lost
harbour.
Cavity Mutiny

 One of the most significant historical accounts in

Philippine History
 Uprising of the Filipino troops, workers at the Cavite
arsenal due to removal of privileges:
 Exemption from tribute
 Exemption from force labor
FILIPINO PAID TAXES TO SPAIN
A. Tribute (Tributo)
 As a sign of the Filipino’s loyalty to the king of
Spain.
 Individuals 16-60 years old (Paid tribute)
 1571-1884= 8 reales (P1.00) per year.
B. Cedula (Personal identification Paper)
 1884, tribute was nullified and replace by Cedulla
 Certificate identifying tax payer
 It record his personal information
C. Diezmoz Prediales or Tithes
 A tax consisting one- tenth (1/10) of the produce of one’s
land
Exemption from force labor: (Polo y Servicios)
 18-60 male Filipino were required to give their free labor.
 40 days a year
 Reduce to 15 days in 1884
 The workers called Polistas
 Obligated to do: construction of building, Churches and cutting
tress to make logs.
Cavite Mutiny
 Aim of native- to get rid of Spanish government in the Philippines
 Governor Rafael de Izquierdo- used mutiny to clamp down on those Filipinos who had
been calling for governmental reform.
 Intellectual were seized and accused
 After a brief trial three priest Jose Burgos, Jacinto Zamora, Mariano Gomes were publicly
executed.
 Other Filipino lawyer were suspended from practice of law, arrested and sentence to life
imprisonment.
 Joaquin Pardo De Tavera
 Antonio Ma. Regidor
 Jose Basa
 Pio Basa
1872 Cavity Mutiny: Spanish Perspective
 Gov- General Rafael Izquirdo y Gutierrez account of the Cavity
Mutiny
o Mutiny prepared by the native clergy, mestizos, lawyer as a
signal of objection against injustice of the Government.
o It is not clearly identify if Indio planned to inaugurate a
monarchy or a republic (hari)
o The leader selected would be Jose Burgos, or Jacinto Zamora
which is the plan of the rebels who guided them.
Jose Montero Y Vidal account of the cavity
Mutiny
 An attempt of the Indios to overthrown the Spanish Government
in the Philippines.
 The abolition of privileges enjoyed by the worker of Cavite
arsenal (reason for Revolution)
 Dirty propaganda’s by press, republican books, pamphlets
reaching in the Philippines.
 Native clergy whose act of animosity against Spanish priest
supported the rebels.
Vidal- Governor Izquierdo
 January 26. 1872- Sampaloc celebrated the feast of virgin loreto
 Occasion with the usual fireworks
 Allegedly those in cavity mistook the fire works as a sign for the
attack.
 200 men headed by sergeant Lamadrid launched an attack targeting
Spanish officers at sight and detained the arsenal.
 Pardo De Tavera’s account of the cavity
Mutiny
 A Filipino scholar and researcher.
 Incident was merely a mutiny (Filipino soldiers and laborers) who
dissatisfied with the abolition of their privileges.
 CentralGovernment announced to deprive the friars of all powers in civil
government, direction and management of educational institution.
 This announcement prompted the friars to do something drastic in their dire
to maintain power in the Philippines.
 Friarstook advantages of the incident and
presented it to Spanish government.
 Spanish government believed that the scheme was
true without any attempt of investigation.
That’s why!

 Convicted educated men who participate in mutiny were

sentenced to life imprisonment.
 Members of the native clergy headed by Gomburza were
tied and publicly executed (Garrote)
 This episode leads to the awakening of nationalism and
outbreak of Philippine revolution of 1896.