Communication part A

MPhil education
Prof. Dr. Rabia Tabassum
Objectives
Students will be able to;
Define communication.
Identify elements of communication
Communicate types of communication.
Definitions

1. Act of transferring or transmitting information from one place, person, or group to another.
2. Act of sharing ideas, facts, opinions, thoughts, or emotions with other people with the use
of channels.
3. Communication takes place through symbols, letters, actions, expressions, a glance, raised
eyebrow, pitch, and tone of vice.
4. A process by which information is exchanged between individuals a common system of
symbols, signs, or behavior.
 Elements of communication

1. Sender/ source: a person who has something to pass on to another individual the sender is
encoding the message in any form like voice, written, nonverbal, or any sign.
2. Receiver/decoder: the person to whom the message is directed is decoding the message. He or
she notices the message and conveys some meaning to the message or interprets the message.
3. Channel/ medium: tools or mean used to carry out the communication process i.e., electronic,
symbol, etc.
4. Content/ message: something that the sender wants to communicate was created.
5. Feedback: it enables the communicator of the message to know whether the message has been
received and interpreted in the same manner as directed.
6. Environment: in which the communication takes place
 Types of communication

1. Verbal: (spoken, written) information is transmitted or received by; voice and language,
it is face-to-face conversation, or telephonic, lectures, speeches, conferences, tone and pitch of voice, etc.
It is in two ways you listen to a person and understand the meaning.
Reading a book is communication between the reader and the writer.
a. pitch: raised pitch shows that the speaker is angry, upset, frustrated, and experiencing strong
emotions.
b. Tone: respectful tone build positive interpersonal relationships.
c. Content: what we say, and the word we choose to use, is crucial.
2. Nonverbal: (body language) use of gesture and physical touch, movement of body organs, eye contact,
poster, facial expressions, tone, and pitch of the voice.
You observe a person and infer meaning.
a. Gesture and physical touch: a gentle touch on the arm or shoulder or head can signal encouragement
Cont.
b. Poster: relaxed and open poster help to engage with communication instead of leaning back with
closed arms.
c. Eye contact: being able to maintain eye contact mean you are listening to the speaker.
3. visual: At present, it is the most used type of communication driven by social media, YouTube,
and other digital platforms. We rely heavily on visual communication like charts, photographs,
sketches, videography, etc.
4. written: books Novels poetry, letters, email, SMS, use of proper punctuations, spellings.
5. Facial expressions: a smile, furrowed eyebrows, puzzled or questioning expressions, etc.