Introduction to Electrical Machines

DC Machines
Electrical
Machines

Stationary Rotating AC Universal

Machines Machines

Transformers
Your Text Book is Electric Machinery Fundamentals By Stephen J
Chapman

Other references:

Hindmarsh , J. “ Electrical Machines and their Applications”, 4th edition

ISBN: 978-0-08-030573-8
Advance Electrical Machine Designs: Axial Flux Machine
Technologies
Novel lamination – easy and low Axial flux brushless DC
cost to manufacture motor

Inventive lamination
Patent Application: GB0700240.5
Main competitor - Lynch axial flux motor

Uniformly sided laminations are ‘tangentially’

stacked together, low cost and conducive to Laminations of different sizes are ‘radially’
volume production packed together, making it hard to assemble
and manufacture in volume production
 Switched reluctance
Switched Reluctance Motors
machine technologies * patent pending

This design mitigates the A 'novel' three-stack Direct drive (gear-less),

key disadvantages of SRM high torque density , wheel-
torque ripples and acoustic shaped
noises that plague
conventional SR drives
Mobile power supply technology
Key features
• High power density (up to 10kW/kg)
• High efficiency (>90%)
• Ultra-high speed (24,000-100,000 rpm)
• Modular (from sub-kW to 100 kW), multi-fuel
• Applications – land, air and marine vehicle gensets,
standalone power sources, turbochargers

a) b)

c) d)

A 18kVA Prototype

Radial Stress Analysis

 All-electric actuation
Patented Variable Reluctance Actuator
ROTOR
ALUMINIUM
ALUMINIUM

STEEL LAMINATION

EXCITATION COIL

STEEL LAMINATION

All-electric actuation applications

The Group’s patented switched
reluctance actuator is extremely
rugged and thermally tolerant, and
provides good power density and
system integration for:
• electric steering
Position: -3mm, Position: 0mm, Position: +3mm, Position: +6mm, • active suspension
Current: 5A Current: 5A Current: 5A
Current: 5A
• aircraft and missile’s surface
actuation/control
• providing other aerodynamic
loads
Outer-rotor PM Brushless
Machine[1,2]

[1] W. Fei, and P. C. K.Luk, “A new technique of

cogging torque suppression in direct-dirve
permanent-magnet brushless machines,” IEEE Trans.
Ind. Appl., vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 1332-1349,Jul./Aug.
2010.
[2] W. Fei, and P. C. K. Luk, “Torque ripple reduction
of a direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous
machine by material-efficient axial pole pairing,”
accepted by IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron..
In-wheel Motors
Built for FAW as
technology demonstrator

•First test successfully completed, power

density at least 2 times higher than
existing products
•The insulation layer of the copper wires
near the edge of the stator lamination
compromised during the winding process
• Improved winding and assembly
method should be explored
AFPM Machine with Air-Cored
Stator[3]

[3]W. Fei, P. C. K. Luk, and K. Jinupun, “Design and analysis of high-speed coreless axial
flux permanent magnet generator with circular magnets and coils,” IET Elect. Power Appl.,
vol. 4, no. 9, pp.739-747, Dec. 2010. (IET Premium Award 2011)
Linear generator and energy
harvester

e n e rator
ear g
t with lin
r y boo
Milita

Linear generator for energy

harvesting
 High impact multi-disciplinary research
Key features High frequency AC power distribution Applications

 Medical – Wireless powering implant devices

 More Safe  Transport – Contactless charging station
 No electric contacts or plug-in sockets
 Consumer goods – Generic gadget charging
 No electric sparks
 Industry - Underwater wireless power transfer
 Reduced EMI and EMC risks
 More Reliable
 No risk of running out of battery power
 No failure due to loose connections and
flexed wires
 More ‘Green’
 Reduced use of batteries and chemicals High
Frequency
due to direct use of mains power Source Barrier Receiver Power supply

 Ideal grid for renewable energy in future Primary coil Secondary coil
smart homes Resonant coupling

Key Specifications
The modern toolbox

• Resonance coupling freq at 50kHz

• High efficiency > 95% Technology demonstrators under tests
• Near unity Power > 0.95
Source: www.dana.org

Source: www.cvmg.com

Source: www.techdigest.tv Source: physorg.com

High power factor under load for wireless motor technology demonstrator

* This research programme has been funded by Technology Strategy Board

(TSB) and in partnership with three industry partners
• The BRM is based on a 48 V
claw pole machine which
supports the power train.
This machine is directly
connected to the combustion
engine and is used as a
starter and as a generator to
recuperate the brake energy.
The BRM is an air-cooled
claw pole five phase
synchronous machine which
includes inverter with
microcontroller and logic.
Advance Machines in Transportation: Tesla Model
3's motor - The Brilliant Engineering behind it

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=esUb7Zy5Oio