1.

BUILDING BONES AND

TEETH
BUILDING
BONES AND TEETH
 Calcium and phosphorus are major mineral found in bones and
teeth.
 Bones are formed by the deposition of phosphorus and calcium
crystals on collagen, a flexible protein base composed of amino
acids.
 Young children's bones are relatively soft and pliable because
they have not yet calcified.
 Children need calcium not only for bone growth but also for the
replacement of existing bone, while adults require calcium only
for replacement.
 SOURCES OF
 Primary Sources: Milk CALCIUM
and dairy products are major calcium sources.
Some vegetables and soy products also contain calcium.
 Considerations: Custards, pudding, and ice cream offer calcium but
may have added sugar and fat, reducing nutrient density.
 Enhancements: Adding non-fat dry milk or cheese to dishes boosts
calcium. Foods like casseroles, cereals, bread, salads, and meats can be
enriched.
 Fortification: Some flours and orange juice brands have added
calcium. Combining these with vitamin C-rich foods improves calcium
absorption. Other products like bread, pasta, cereals, crackers, and soy
milk are also calcium-enriched.
 SOUCES OF
PHOSPHORUS
 High Concentrations: Milk, milk-containing foods, high-protein
items like meat, fish, eggs, and whole grains are rich in phosphorus.
 Availability: Phosphorus is easier to obtain than calcium as it is
present in a wide range of foods. Milk contains equal amounts of
calcium and phosphorus, aiding mineral absorption.
 Balance Consideration: Excessive consumption of phosphorus-rich
carbonated beverages over milk can upset the calcium-phosphorus
balance. This imbalance may lead to impaired calcium absorption
and reduced bone mineralization.
 ROLE OF FLUORIDE
 Fluoride is crucial for bone and tooth formation.
 Fluoride enhances enamel strength and resistance to decay. While less
effective externally, it can reduce dental caries incidence.
 Dental Effects: Excessive fluoride intake can lead to tooth mottling and
brown discoloration, as highlighted by Zera et al in 2001
 Preventive Measures: Children consuming fluoridated water should be
advised against swallowing toothpaste to avoid excessive fluoride intake.
 Primary Source: Local water supply is a consistent source of fluoride,
occurring naturally or added to a level of 1 ppm.
 Food Variability: Food sources of fluoride vary based on the fluorine
content of the soil in which they are grown.
HEALTHY TEETH
WHAT WAYS YOU
CAN DO TO HAVE A
HEALTHY TEETH
AND STRONG
BONES?