Sit Dolor Amet

Water Resource Management

• Water covers 70% of our planet, and it is easy to think that it will
always be plentiful. However, freshwater—the stuff we drink, bathe
in, irrigate our farm fields with—is incredibly rare. Only 3% of the
world’s water is fresh water, and two-thirds of that is tucked away
in frozen glaciers or otherwise unavailable for our use.
Definition
• Water Resources Management (WRM) is the process of planning,
developing, and managing water resources, in terms of both
water quantity and quality, across all water uses. (world bank)
Introduction
• Water resources in the country comes under the authority of
Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR).
• Current Federal Minister of MoWR is Syed Khursheed Ahmed Shah.
• Prime Minister of Pakistan Mr. Shahid Khaqan Abbasi formed
Ministry of Water Resources on August 04, 2017 after dissolving
Ministry of Water & Power and merging Water Division into the
newly created Ministry of Water Resources whereas the Power
Division was merged into the then Ministry of Petroleum and
Natural Resources and converted into Ministry of Energy.
Functions of Ministry of Water Resources
under Rules of Business 1973
• Matters relating to development of Water Resources of the Country.
• Indus Water Treaty, 1960 and Indus Basin Works.
• Water & Power Development Authority.
• Liaison with International Engineering Organizations in Water Sector, such as
International Commission on Large Dams (ICOLD),International Commission on
Irrigation and Drainage (ICID) and International Commission on Large Power System
(Cigre).
• Federal agencies and Institutions for promotion of special studies in water sector.
• Institute of Engineers Pakistan.
• Administrative control of Tubewell Construction Company.
• Indus River System Authority (IRSA).
• Pakistan Trans-border water Organization.
Existing Structure
• Existing structure of the Federal Ministry of Water Resources consists of 5 Wings
( Admin Wing, Water Wing, Hydro Power Wing, Project Wing and Finance Wing),
4 Departments (IRSA, WAPDA, CEA/FFC and PCIW) along with Commissions (
ICID, ICOLD, PANCID).
• IRSA (Indus River System Authority)
• WAPDA (Water and Power Development Authority)
• FFC (Federal Flood Commission)
• PCIW (Pakistan Commission for Indus Water)
• ICID (International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage)
• ICOLD (International Commission on Large Dams)
• PANCID (Pakistan National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage)
WATER AND POWER DEVELOPMENT
AUTHORITY
• Pakistan Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) was established
through an Act of Parliament in 1958.
• It is an autonomous and statutory body under the administrative control of
the Federal Government.
• Wapda was unbundled in the year 2007 whereby the functions of its Power
wing were redefined as Hydel Power Generation and Operation &
Maintenance (O&M) of power houses.
• Following unbundling of its power wing, WAPDA’s mandate is now
development of water and hydropower resources in an efficient manner
INDUS RIVER SYSTEM AUTHORITY
• Water Apportionment Accord (WAA) was signed amongst the Provinces
on 16.03.1991.
• Under Clause 13 of the WAA ’91, the need to establish an Indus River
System Authority was recognized and accepted for the implementation
of the Accord.
• IRSA was established for regulating and monitoring the distribution of
water sources of Indus Rivers in accordance with the Accord amongst
the Provinces and to provide matters connected therewith and
ancillary thereto.
• IRSA was established vide Act No. XXII of 1992 passed by the Parliament
and approved by the President of Pakistan on, the 6th December 1992
Pakistan Irrigation map
• The drainage system of Pakistan comprises of three main parts:
• Indus.
• Internal drainage of western Balochistan.
• Rivers flowing into Arabian Sea.
Indus river system

• Indus river system is the largest and main source of water in Pakistan.
• 64% of surface water comes from Indus. It is joined by a number of 1st,
2nd, 3rd and 4th order tributaries on both left and right banks of the river.
• Indus emerges in the Kalash mountains of Tibet. It passes from Tibet,
Ladakh and then enters into Gilgit Balististan regions of Pakistan.
• At Bunji it takes a sharp turn southwards and is later joined by various
rivers and streams.
• The point where Indus is joined by other tributaries and then flow as a
single river is know as Panjnad near Mithan Kot. This point also
demarcates upper and lower indus plain.
Jehlum River

• 17% of the surface water comes from Jehlum.

• This river emerges in Pir Panjal range.
• Drains main Kashmir valley. In Kashmir it is known as Neelum river.
Chenab River

• 19% of total surface water.

• Originates in lesser Himalayas
Sources of Water

• The total amount of water in Pakistan’s river system is

approximately 146 MAF
• There are three sources of water in Pakistan:
• Rainfall
• Surface water (rivers and lakes)
• Groundwater
Sources of surface water

• The main source of surface water is

• Rainfall
• Glaciers and snowmelt
• Groundwater in form of springs
Main rivers of Pakistan and their contribution to the
surface water
• Indus (64%) – 80% snow melting + 20% rainfall
• Jehlum (17%)– 50% snow melting + 50% rainfall
• Chenab (19%)– 60% snow melting + 40% rainfall
Express tribune (20-07-22)