BBA LLB

Paper Code: LLB410C

Paper: International Humanitarian Law

Name:- Neeraj Negi

Sec:- BBA LLB 4-B
Enrollment No.:- 01051103519
Topic: - IHL and the Syrian Civil War
 Introduction
• The Syrian Civil War is an ongoing and intricate armed
conflict that began in 2011 and continues to this day
• Initially, it commenced as a peaceful protest calling for
political reforms in Syria and the removal of President
Bashar al-Assad's government
• The political system established by former President
Hafez al-Assad had weakened opposition forces and
structured institutions in a manner that would hinder
any successor's opposition
 Contd.
• As of October 2021, an estimated 217,000 civilians had
lost their lives.
• Arab League and UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan
tried to solve conflict through mediation.
• Conflict got worse and got the rise of terrorist group
ISIS.
 The Syrian Civil War: Causes, Issues and
Challenges
• It started with President Hafez al-Assad assumed
power in 1971.
• the diverse religious and ethnic groups in Syria,
including Sunni Arabs, Alawites, Kurds, Christians,
and others were manipulated for divide and rule policy.
• In Idlib and Aleppo, the most heavily bombarded areas,
84 medical facilities have been forced to suspend their
operations, leading to a devastating impact on
healthcare
 Contd.
• Bombing has cause death of 1,600 civilians according
to United Nations Office for the Coordination of
Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA)

• According to Syrian Network for Human Rights as per

September, 2021 nearly 350,000 people died.
 Effect of Foreign Interference on the Syrian
Conflict
• Involvement to foreign power has made situation worse
with Russia supporting Syrian govt. and USA
supporting militant groups.

• The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) provided

military training and financial assistance amounting to
up to $1 billion.
 Applicability, Role and Violations of International
Humanitarian Law in the Syrian Civil War
• The Syrian government has been responsible for
numerous violations of IHL
• Syrian Security Forces have engaged in illegal
detentions, arrests, and mistreatment of individuals
throughout the country.
• According to the Syrian Network for Human Rights,
approximately 100,000 civilians have disappeared, and
more than 15,000 have died due to torture since 2011.
• The major death was of civilians more than the
combatants.
 Conclusion and Recommendations
• The war has brought immense destruction to Syrian
people lives.
• The war originated from opposition against
authoritarian rule, sectarian tensions, and regional
rivalries.
• To solve this conflict the Syria can be divided into two
parts just like in case of North and South Korea.