Shabdapraman

Dr.Mrs.Madhuri Bhide
6/5/20
Shabdapraman-Aaptopadesh

 Shabdapraman is called aaptopadesh and is of foremost importance in

Ayurveda. The thing which is known by books or guru is then verifier through
prayatyaksha and anuman praman.
 Aapta means the knowledgeable person and his words are Aaptopadesh.
 Aapta does not mean only the elders but it has its own definition.
 Definition of Aapta-
Definition of Aapta

 Aapta are the people who are from raja and tama and who have done tapa
and their knowledge is of 3 tenses and continuous hence their knowledge is a
truth.
 Uttam shastra ke lakshan-(Refrence Charak Vimansthan 8/3)
 Read by successful people
 Artha bahul-Contains a lot of matter
 Puraptaroshadahit-Free from repition
 Rushipranit-written by sages
 Udaharanbahul-With lot of examples
 Kramabaddha-Sequential
 These are the attributes of uttamshastra
Types of Shabda
 1.Drushtartha
 2.Adrushtartha
 3.Satya
 4.Anruyt
 These are 4 types of shabda.(can be asked for 6 mks)
 1.DRUSHTARTHA-
 The words which are real and can be verified or seen with pratyaksha praman
are called drushtartha.eg.Dosha get vitiated by diff hetus,Rain nutures crops
etc.These examples can be verified and seen by eyes hence called as
drushtartha.
 2.ADRUSHTARTHA-The things which are real but cannot be seen by pratyaksha
praman are called as adrushtartha.eg.punarjanma(rebirth),moksha
(emancipation) etc.The punarjanma or moksha is a truth but cannot be seen
by pratyaksha hence called as adrushtartha.
Cont…..

3.SATYA-Satyonam yatartha
The real but the words containing straight meaning are called satya.eg.Ayurved is
a health science , There is remedy for curable diseases.
4.ANRUTA-Anrut is a false word.Eg.Though a person consumes much vikrut ahar
still do not suffer from disease.

SHABDARTHA BODHAK VRUTTI-

The vrutti which explains or expresses the meaning hidden in the shabda is called
shabdartha bodhak vrutti.It is of 4 types-
1.Abhida
2.Lakshana
3.Vyanjana
4.Tatparyakhya
Shabdartha bodhak vrutti

 1.ABHIDHA-Abhidhiyate yaya sa abhidha.When the words are written in a straight way

without any tricky or taunting manner it is called abhidha.Eg.Anish goes to college.These
are straight words with a clear meaning.
 It has 3 subtypes-
 1.Rudha
 2.Yougik
 3.Yogarudha
 1.RUDHA-Some words are not formed due to root word or dhatu.Eg.Ghata ad Pata.
 2.YOUGIK-The words which are derived from root word and are expressed with suffix or
prefix.Eg.Pachak which is derivrd from pakti dhatu, Kapha-ken phalati iti kapha.These wors
have vyutpatti
 Another eg is chakrapani is derive from two root words joined together chakra and pani
such words are joined by 2 words hence is called yogi.Chakrapani means the god who is
having chakra in his hand.
 3.YOGARUPA-The word which is yogik but combines yougik and rudha is called yogarudha.It
has a specific third meaning eg.Pankaja-Panke jayate iti.Panka is moist soil jayate means
taking birth.The whoe word means all the animals germinating from damp soil like
earthworm or insects.But when we pronounce pankaja by yogarudha meaning is lotus and
not insect.
2.LAKSHANA-

 When the words ae used in tricky manner it is called as Lakshana.In this type
one has to overlook the main meaning but has to understand another
meaning.Eg.Ghar par se who vyakti gaya.Here no body climbs on your house
and walks but just passes by from the house.Thus we overlook the meaning of
climbing and take into consideration the meaning of passing by.
 It has 3 types-
 1.Jahatalakshana
 2.Ajahatalakshana
 3.Jahatajahat
 1.JAHATALAKSHANA-
 Jahata means to giveup(tyag) something when the main meaning is givenoff it
is called jahatlakshana.Eg.The stage has aperitiated or stage is making
noise(manchahakroshanti).Here the word stage is totally givenoff and guests
on stage is taken into considerstion.
AJAHATALAKSHANA-

 When the main meaning is not at all lef toff but on the contrary extra
meaning is taken in a tricky way is called ajahatalakshana.Eg.Kakebhyaha
dadhi rakshatam.It means preserve the curd from the crows. Here not only
preserve thr cud from crows but also from many other birds and insects.aThis
extra meaning is added hence it is called ajahatalakshana.

 3.JAHADAJAHADLAKSHANA-When partiayy some meaning is left off and some

meaning is added the combination of both is called
jahadajahatlakshana.Eg.Tat tvam asi.
 The cosmic soul is you and you are the cosmic soul.In this example tat is
nirgun example ad tvam is saguna brahma.Here nirgun and sagun brahma is
one is also stated and you and brahma are separate is also states hence this is
jahadajahad.(will explain this more clearly when college reopens.)
3.VYANJANA-
 The vrutti which explains the meaning of words with some comic sense or
vyanga is called vyanjana.The main literal meaning is excluded and some
hidden meaning is understood.Eg.Tum Gdhe ho!
 In this example the donkey word is used in comic sense.One has to exclude
the literal meaning of donkey and consider the person as dumb or foolish.It
has 2 types Shabdi and aarthi.
 1.SHABDI-It has only replaced letters eg.you are a donkey.
 2.ARTHI-Intead of literlal word some diff meaning is understood eg. angue
khatte hai.Here one should not consider the meaning as the grapes are sour
but has to understand that it is not possible for that very person.
4.TATPARYAKHYA-
 When one word has many meanings and one has to select appropriate one
meaning acc to the situation or context it is called tatparyakhya.Eg.The word
sandhana means 1.Asa-varishtha
 2.Joining the fracture
 Similarly the word jeevan means 1.Life
 2.Water
 Here one has to consider the word acc to context.This is tatparyakhya vrutti
(power) of shada.
Vakyarth Dnyan Hetu
 Vakya are the sentences.Vakya Artha is the meaning of sentences. The majors
by which the Vakya artha is understood is called as Vakya Artha Dnyan Hetu.
 These are actually a part of linguistic study but is important to understand
the meanings of the shabdas or sentences explained in Samhitas.Hence
padarth Vidnyan has explained it.
 There are 3 types of vakyarth Dnyan Hetu.
 1) Akanksha
 2) Yogyata
 3) Sannidhi
 1) Akanksha- It means expectation. When I pronounce ,
 “I am a . The Sentence does not carry any meaning. I am what ? The
sentence is incomplete till I say “………..a doctor”. Here, the letters “I am a
….” has expectation of the words “….a doctor”.This expectation is called as
Akanksha.Because otherwise the sentence has incomplete sence.
2. Yogyata
 The sentence should fulfil the criteria of Akanksha but even though it is a
complete sentence it should be a correct statement having Yogyata. Yogyata
is eligibility.
 Ex- Agnina sinchet- “Do the sinchan with Agni”.
 It means sprinkle and passify the fire with Agni.
 This sentence is grammatically complete but is incorrect with its meaning.
 Another example- Shrikhand is the Laghu ahar and can be given to a patient
of indigestion.In this examplethough the sentenceis complete it is incorrect
and does not have eligibility that is Yogyata.

 (All this effort is done to understand the Sutras and language of Samhitas
which is the Shabdas of the great sages.)
3.Sannidhi
 Sannidhi means continuity.When we speak a sentence, its
words should be spoken without a huge gap of time.
Otherwise its meaning is not understood.
 Ex- if I say
“I am a Doctor”, But if I talk I ….. Am ……a
……………doctor with a lot of gap then that sentence is not
understood.
Thus the Sannidhi means the pronouciation of words without
huge gap is called as Sannidhi, a Vakyarth Dnyan hetu.
Shaktigraha or Shaktigrahak(asked for 6
marks)
 Shakti is the Power. Power of the words. Words have the power but to get its
power one has to understand its real meaning. The tool which gives you
meaning is called as Shaktigrahak. For example- In Persian language one
word is powerful but if we don’t understand its meaning the word’s power is
not understood. With help of Google dictionary or shabdakosh you may
understand it .So dictionary is the Shaktigrahak.
 Nyayadarshan and literature explains 8 Shaktigrahak-

 1) Vyakaran (Grammar)
 Grammar explains you the real power of Shakti. As you know- when we use
Trutiya it means the person has done the thing ex- Subhashen
 When we use Shashthi- Subhashasya- It means it belongs to Subhash.
 The grammar is important to understand the Samhitas.
Upaman , kosh ,Aptavakya
 Upaman-
 As you know Analogy or comparision or upaman gives you the knowledge.
 Dand- Dandak vyadhi ect.

 Kosha- Dictionary. In Ayurvedic texts many Synonyms are used for the
herbs.for ex Guduchi has synonyms-1) Amruta- (Tinospora cardifolia) Gives
rebirth or life to a person by increasing his immunity.
 2) Chhinnaruha- It grows like money- plant any where you soil the small
sapling .Chhinn- Cut , Ruha-to germinate
 Nisha _ haridra ect.and many more….
 Aptavakya-Apta are the right source to give you knowledge by explaination.
Vyavahar , Vakyashesha
 Vyavahar-Some words are understood with help of their Profession or
Vyavahar. For ex- Potter is that who makes pots. Pachak-means the cook.
Chikitsak is that who treats patients (Chikitsa) and so on…..

 Vakyashesha- Sometimes the sentence is not completed .It is understood by

the author by his own understanding.
 Ex- when we say Jangal rasa – it means Jangal Mamsa rasa . Here Mamsa
which is not written is understood by vakyashesh Shakti graha.
 Ex- Pravrutti Bhavanam .
 Here the verb asti is not used but understood by Shaktigraha.
Vivrutti, Siddhapada Sanidhya.
 Vivrutti- One word has many meanings.
 Reader has to select the exact meaning amongst 2/3 words. This is called vivrutti.
 Saindhav – Horse
 Salt.
 Hari- God Vishnu
 Monkey . Reader has to understand the right meaning acc to association.

 Siddhapada sanidhya- The hidden meaning is understood acc to the other words in
sentence.
 Sahakare Madhuni Pibanti- sahakar is the mango tree.
 Madhni= honey
 Pibanti = suck
 Here who sucks honey is not clear ( Karta) But according to the associated other
words it is clear that the Bhramar ( Hummer) is the doer (karta).


Thank You