TSLLE & STEAM TURBINE

PROTECTION

PREPARED BY
AUROBINDA MISHRA
CONTROL & INSTRUMENTATION DEPT.
ST PROTECTION SYSTEM
 Protection System is an important safety feature in any rotary Equipment.

 Steam turbines are subjected to continuous mechanical and thermal stress that may result in
breakdowns over time.

 Protection System is designed in such a way that, It protects the machine from in admissible
operating conditions as well as restricts occurring failure to a minimum.
 At the time of Protection System act, All Input Steam source immediately cut off to Steam Turbine
by means of all Main Steam Stop Valves & Control Valves closing.
 Protection System is designed based on Electro Hydraulic functionality
TURBINE START-UP AND LIFT LIMITER EQUIPMENT (TSLLE)

The TSLLE can be operated from the main control room. The turbine startup
and limiting device (TSLLE) has the following tasks:

a) Holding and triggering of central tripping system.

b) Providing an analogous position value for each control valve for limiting
the valve position.
c) Providing blocking signals for the actuator unit HP/IP/LP control for the
opening and closing of stop-valves.

The (TSLLE) guarantees during start-up the sequence: open stop valve Before
open cont. valve and during shutdown the sequence: close cont. valve before closing
stop valve.
The TSLLE is of digital design. It is governed from the control room.

From 100 to 0 From 0 to 100

12.5– TRIP RESET
37.5 – ESV CLOSE 22.5—SV TSV ON
27.5– CV TSV TRIP 32.5– CV TSV ON
17.5– SV TSV TRIP 42.5– ESV OPEN
During Start-up:
- Hold turb. protn chl 1/2 at 12.5%.
- Hold individual turb. protn. chl 1/2 for stop
valve at 27.5%.
- Hold individual turb. protn. chl 1/2 for cont
valve at 32.5%.
- Pilot valve to the stop valve open at 42.5%.

During Shutdown:
- Pilot valve to the stop valve close at 37.5%.
- Trigger individual turb. protn. chl 1/2 for control valve
at 27.5%.
- Trigger individual turb. protn. chl 1/2 for stop valve at
17.5%.
- Trigger turb. Trip. chl 1/2 at 7.5%.
ST Protection System
STEAM TURBINE PROTECTION SYSTEM - SLD
Steam Turbine Protection System - SLD
TURBINE PROTECTION PROCESS (TURB PROT PROC)
TURBINE protection
Over speed trip

OVER SPEED TRIP SYSTEM OVERALL DIAGRAM

6 no's speed sensor
TURBINE PROTECTION
OVER SPEED TRIP
OVER SPEED TRIP
STEAM TURBINE PROTECTION LOGICS
STEAM TURBINE PROTECTION LOGICS

FIRE PROTECTION CHANNEL-1 OPERATED (2v3)

Hardwire trip
FIRE PROTECTION CHANNEL-2 OPERATED (2v3)
Hardwire trip
STEAM TURBINE PROTECTION LOGICS

7. AXIAL SHIFT (2v3)

If axial shift is greater than +-1 then, ST will trip.
Signals associated:
 1. 1MAD11CY011XQ07 - Axial Shift-1
 2. 1MAD11CY012XQ07 - Axial Shift-2
 3. 1MAD11CY013XQ07 - Axial Shift-3
8. CO EMERGENCY PUSH BUTTON PRESSED (>=1)
If any of the following signals is high then ST will trip.
 1.1MAX01EC103XT01- Control oil pump emergency off-1
 2.1MAX01EC104XT01- Control oil pump emergency off-2
 3. [1IPBPTSE]1COPS_EMGY_OFF.TURBINE TRIP- EHA1 emergency trip pushbutton from
HMI
STEAM TURBINE PROTECTION
LOGICS
9. EMERGENCY PUSH BUTTON PRESSED (>=1)
If any of the following signals is high then ST will trip.
1. 11MAY01EZ001XT01- emergency trip push button -1
2. 11MAY01EZ002XT01- emergency trip push button -2
3. 11MAY02EZ001XT01- emergency trip push button -1
4. 11MAY02EZ002XT01- emergency trip push button -2
5. [1TP_EHTC_COM]1HMI_TRIP - emergency trip pushbutton from HMI
STEAM TURBINE PROTECTION
LOGIC
STEAM TURBINE PROTECTION
LOGICS

 Signals associated:
1. 11MAC11CP002XQ07- LP Turbine inlet pressure
1. 11MAG01CP003 - Condensor pressure -1
2. 11MAG01CP004 - Condensor pressure -2
3. 11MAG01CP004 - Condensor pressure -3
STEAM TURBINE PROTECTION LOGICS
Steam Turbine protection logic
HP/IP SHAFT VIBRATION FJB (>=1)
ALARM: IF HP/IP SHAFT VIBRATION FJB IS GREATER THAN 120 MICRON.
TRIP: IF HP/IP SHAFT VIBRATION FJB IS GREATER THAN 160 MICRON.
SIGNALS ASSOCIATED:
1. 1MAD11CY041XQ07 - HP/IP FJB RELATIVE SHAFT VIBRATION-1
2. 1MAD11CY042XQ07 - HP/IP FJB RELATIVE SHAFT VIBRATION-2

HP/IP SHAFT VIBRATION RJB (>=1)

ALARM: IF HP/IP SHAFT VIBRATION RJB IS GREATER THAN 120 MICRON.
TRIP: IF HP/IP SHAFT VIBRATION RJB IS GREATER THAN 160 MICRON.
SIGNALS ASSOCIATED:
1. 1MAD12CY041XQ07 - HP/IP RJB RELATIVE SHAFT VIBRATION-1
2. 1MAD12CY042XQ07 - HP/IP RJB RELATIVE SHAFT VIBRATION-2
STEAM TURBINE PROTECTION LOGIC

LP SHAFT VIBRATION RJB (>=1)

Alarm: If LP shaft vibration RJB is greater than 120 micron.
Trip: If LP shaft vibration RJB is greater than 160 micron.
Signals associated:
1. 1MAD13CY041XQ07 - LP RJB relative shaft vibration-1
2. 1MAD13CY042XQ07 - LP RJB relative shaft vibration-2
STEAM TURBINE PROTECTION
LOGIC
GENERATOR BEARING VIBRATION FJB (>=1)
Alarm: If generator bearing vibration FJB is greater than 165 micron.
Trip: If generator bearing vibration FJB is greater than 260 micron.
Signals associated:
1. 1MKD11CY041XQ07 - Generator FJB relative shaft vibration-1
2. 1MKD11CY042XQ07 - Generator FJB relative shaft vibration-2
GENERATOR BEARING VIBRATION RJB(>=1)
Alarm: If generator bearing vibration FJB is greater than 165 micron.
Trip: If generator bearing vibration FJB is greater than 260 micron.
Signals associated:
1. 1MKD12CY041XQ07 - Generator FJB relative shaft vibration-1
2. 1MKD12CY042XQ07 - Generator FJB relative shaft vibration-2
STEAM TURBINE PROTECTION LOGIC
Generator Electrical Protection: (1oo2 Logic)
 MKY00EZ001XT01 – Generator Trip Protection -1
 MKY00EZ002XT01 – Generator Trip Protection -2
Condition: Turbine Speed > 2800 RPM
Gen Class A Prot.: If Rotor Earth Fault Relay act
Gen Class B Protection: If AVR Off/Fault 1oo2 Operated
STEAM TURBINE PROTECTION
LOGIC
DP Across HP Turbine :

A.[ HP Exhaust Pressure (LBC10CP001/2/3 XQ07) + DP Across HP Turbine

(MAA50CP011/12/13 XQ07] ] / DP Across HP Turbine (MAA50CP011/12/13 XQ07)

= < 1.08 Kg/cm2 (Alarm Limit)

B. DP Across HP Turbine (MAA50CP011/12/13 XQ07) Signal will faulty
OR

C. [ HP Exhaust Pressure (LBC10CP001/2/3 XQ07) + DP Across HP Turbine

(MAA50CP011/12/13 XQ07] ] / DP Across HP Turbine (MAA50CP011/12/13 = <
1.05 Kg/cm2 with No Signal Fault & No any Trip Circuit Relay is Faulty & Turbine
Speed > 2800 RPM with 5 min. time delay
STEAM TURBINE PROTECTION
LOGIC
Drum Level High:

If any one from HP/IP/LP Drum’s Level goes above Trip Limit and will sustain
for continuous 30 secs,

HP Drum Level Very High

HAD10CL001XG03 – HP Drum Level-1
HAD10CL002XG03 – HP Drum Level-2
HAD10CL003XG03 – HP Drum Level-3
• If any two out of three HP drum level value go above Trip Limit (+275
mm)
• If any one measurement goes bad and other one from rest two
measurements go above Trip Limit (+275 mm)
• If all three measurement go bad
STEAM TURBINE PROTECTION
LOGIC
HP Turbine casing Temp. Difference High :

(MAA50CT051A/CT052A/CT053A/CT054A/CT055/CT056A)

• If any two HP outer casing Differential temp. (CT051-

CT052 / CT053-CT054 / CT055-CT056) Cross the Trip Limit
(+30 / -50 Deg C for Active Power ranging from 0 to 30 %, +20
/ -35 Deg C for Active Power 100 %)
• If any one Delta Temp. Goes bad from three pairs and other
one from rest two pairs go above Trip Limit
• If any Two Delta Temp. Goes bad from three pairs
• If all three Active Power measurements go bad
STEAM TURBINE PROTECTION
LOGIC
 CASE 1:
If the difference between HP top and bottom
casing temperature is greater than output of
function generator (which varies as per input STG
load) then ST will trip.


STEAM TURBINE PROTECTION
LOGIC

CASE 2:
If the difference between HP top and bottom casing
temperature is less than output of function generator
(which varies as per input STG load) then ST will trip.
STEAM TURBINE PROTECTION
LOGIC

HP Exhaust Temperature High :

 (MAA50CT015A/CT016A/CT017A based on HP Shaft
Temperature)
• If any two HP Exhaust Temperature go above
Trip Limit : If the difference between output of function generator
(which varies with change input mean HP shaft temperature) and HP
exhaust steam temperature is greater than zero.
If any one HP Exhaust Temperature goes bad & one out of rest two
goes above Trip.
• If all three HP Exhaust Temperature go bad.
STEAM TURBINE PROTECTION LOGIC

IP Inlet Steam Temp. Low (LBB10CT001A,LBB11CT002A,LBB12CT003A)

•Ifany two IP Steam Temperature goes below the Trip Limit (320 Deg C when
rotor speed above 1980 rpm)
Note : Trip Limit will change from “320 to 430 Deg C” if once IP Steam temp
crosses 500 Deg C.
• If
any one IP Steam Temperature goes bad and other one from rest two goes
below the Trip Limit
• If all three measurements go bad
Time Delay : 56 sec
STEAM TURBINE PROTECTION
LOGIC

IP Inlet Steam Temp. High (LBB10CT001A,LBB11CT002A,LBB12CT003A)

•If any two IP Steam Temperature goes above the Trip Limit
•Ifany one IP Steam Temperature goes bad and other one from
rest two goes below the Trip Limit
• If all three measurements go bad
If the difference between output of function generator
(which varies with change input mean IP shaft
temperature) and IP inlet steam temperature is greater
than zero.
STEAM TURBINE PROTECTION
LOGIC
Live Steam Temp. Low (LBA10CT001A/LBA11CT002A/LBA12CT003A)

If any two Live Steam Temperature goes below the Trip Limit
 Case 1: During startup if speed of ST is greater than 1980 rpm and
HP inlet steam temperature is less than 320 deg then ST will trip.
 Case 2: But once HP inlet steam temperature reaches more than
500 deg C and speed of ST is greater than 1980 rpm than ST will
trip if HP inlet steam temperature less than 450 deg C
 If any one Live Steam Temperature goes bad and other one from rest two
goes below the Trip Limit
If all three measurements go bad
Time Delay : 56 sec
STEAM TURBINE PROTECTION
LOGIC
Live Steam Temp. High
(LBA10CT001A/LBA11CT002A/LBA12CT003A)

• If any two Live Steam Temperature goes above the Trip Limit
•If any one Live Steam Temperature goes bad and other one
from rest two goes below the Trip Limit
• If all three measurements go bad
Trip Limit :If the difference between output of
function generator (which varies with change in input
mean HP shaft temperature) and HP inlet steam
temperature is greater than zero.
STEAM TURBINE PROTECTION
LOGIC
LP Exhaust Temp. High (MAC10CT011/CT012/CT013)
• If any two LP Exhaust Temperature go above the Trip Limit (110 Deg C)
• If any one Live Steam Temperature goes bad and other one from rest two goes below the Trip Limit
• If all three measurements go bad

Lube Oil level Low (MAV10CL021/CL022/CL023)

• If any two Lube oil tank level go below the Trip Limit (+490 mm from Tank Top)
• If any one Lube oil tank level goes bad and other one from rest two goes below the Trip Limit
• If all three measurements go bad

Lube Oil Pressure Low (MAV42CP016/CP017/CP018)

• If any two Lube oil Pressure go below the Trip Limit (3.2 Kg/cm2)
• If any one Lube oil Pressure goes bad and other one from rest two goes below the Trip Limit
• If all three measurements go bad
Condition : Speed must be greater than 15 rpm,
Time Delay : 3.2 sec