SUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMENT
Part 1

Overcoming the Challenges

HISTORY OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
CONCEPT

• 1980 WORLD CONSERVATION STRATEGY

• 1987 OUR COMMON FUTURE (BRUNDTLAND)
• 1992 RIO EARTH SUMMIT
• AGENDA 21: GLOBAL, NATIONAL, LOCAL

• 1996 SUSTAINABILITY INDICATORS

• 1996 UK STRATEGY; UPDATED 2005
• 2002 JOHANNESBURG WORLD SUMMIT ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
WHAT IS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT?

• ACCORDING TO THE WORLD COMMISSION ON ENVIRONMENT AND

DEVELOPMENT, THE DEFINITION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (SD) IS
“DEVELOPMENT THAT MEETS THE NEEDS OF THE PRESENT WITHOUT
COMPROMISING THE ABILITY OF FUTURE GENERATIONS TO MEET THEIR
OWN NEED” (OUR COMMON FUTURE, 1987)
 SUSTAINABILITY – 3 PILLARS

SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT ECONOMY

MAINTAINS
SUSTAINS ENSURES BASIC
GENETIC
INSTITUTIONS, NEEDS, EQUITY
DIVERSITY WHICH
IMPROVES JUSTICE AND
MAXIMIZES
AND ENCOURAGES EMPLOYMENT
PRODUCTIVITY
PARTICIPATION OPPORTUNITIES
AND RENEWAL
 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IS THE JOURNEY
TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY

GLOBAL SOCIETY IN A FUTURE SUSTAINABLE

2005: SOCIETY
UNSUSTAINABLE
INEQUALITY, MUCH BASIC NEEDS AND LIFE QUALITY
POVERTY LEFT; THREAT OF PROVIDED; TOLERABLE
DECREASING QUALITY OF INEQUALITY; LIVING WITHIN THE
LIFE EARTH’S LIMITS
 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENTAL
SOCIAL EQUITY
EFFICIENCY RESPONSIBILITY
• LIVING CONDITIONS • ECONOMIC GROWTH • CONSUMPTION OF
• EQUAL OPPORTUNITY • EFFICIENCY AND RESOURCES
• COMPETITIVENESS • MATERIALS AND
SOCIAL COHESION
• FLEXIBILITY AND WASTES
• INTERNATIONAL STABILITY • RISKS
SOLIDARITY • PRODUCTION/ • RATE OF CHANGE
• MAINTENANCE OF CONSUMPTION
• NATURAL CULTURAL
HUMAN CAPITAL • EMPLOYMENT
• INTERNATIONAL TRADE LANDSCAPE
3 APPROACHES
 THE THREE CORE DRIVERS OF UN-
SUSTAINABILITY
• CONSUMPTION
• USE OF RESOURCES BEYOND THE REASONABLE LIMITS SET BY NATURE

• PRODUCTION
• GROSS INEFFICIENCIES IN PRODUCTION

• DISTRIBUTION
• INEQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION
(E.G. DISTRIBUTION OF GLOBAL INCOME BETWEEN
RICH AND POOR)
SOLUTION

“THE SIGNIFICANT PROBLEMS WE FACE CANNOT BE SOLVED AT THE SAME

LEVEL OF THINKING WE WERE AT WHEN WE CREATED THEM” – ALBERT
EINSTEIN
• CYCLICAL MATERIAL USE
EMULATE NATURAL CYCLES; 3R’S

• SAFE RELIABLE ENERGY

CONSERVATION, RENEWABLE ENERGY,
SUBSTITUTION, INTERIM MEASURES

• LIFE-BASED INTERESTS
HEALTH, CREATIVITY, COMMUNICATION, COORDINATION,
APPRECIATION, LEARNING, INTELLECTUAL AND SPIRITUAL
DEVELOPMENT
CONCLUSION

• IS A LONG JOURNEY TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

• END-POINT NOT DEFINABLE

• EACH COUNTRY/REGION HAS DIFFERENT GOALS, BASED ECONOMIC

CIRCUMSTANCES, POPULATION SIZE, STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT AND
RESOURCE ENDOWNMENT
Part 2
 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT G
ALS
 In September 2015, world leaders from 193 countries adopted the 2030
Agenda and its 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
 Under this unified agenda, the international community combined the
commitments to sustainable development that were made at UN’s
Rio+20 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development with
the process of renewing the Millennium Development Goals
implemented between 2000-2015.
 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT G
ALS
 The 2030 Agenda is universal. Its 17 goals apply to all member states not
simply the poor countries and the populations of the south.
 Furthermore, each of these goals must be achieved in away which respects
the three pillars/dimensions of sustainable development (social, economic,
environmental)
 The Sustainable Development Goals, otherwise known as the Global Goals,
are a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure
that all people enjoy peace and prosperity.
End extreme poverty
in all forms by 2030
 Globally, the number of people living in extreme poverty declined from 36 per cent in 1990 to
10 per cent in 2015. But the pace of change is decelerating and the COVID-19 crisis risks reversing
decades of progress in the fight against poverty. New research published by the UNU World Institute
for Development Economics Research warns that the economic fallout from the global pandemic could
increase global poverty by as much as half a billion people, or 8% of the total human population. This
would be the first time that poverty has increased globally in thirty years, since 1990.
More than 700 million people, or 10 per cent of the world population, still live in extreme
poverty today, struggling to fulfil the most basic needs like health, education, and access to water and
sanitation, to name a few.
 End hunger, achieve
food security and
improved nutrition and
promote sustainable
agriculture
 In the past 20 years, hunger has dropped by almost half. Many countries that used
to suffer from famine and hunger can now meet their nutritional needs. Unfortunately,
extreme hunger and malnutrition remain a huge barrier to development in many countries.
 There are 821 million people estimated to be chronically undernourished as of 2017, often
as a direct consequence of environmental degradation, drought and biodiversity loss.
 Over 90 million children under five are dangerously underweight.
 Undernourishment and severe food insecurity appear to be increasing in almost all regions
of Africa, as well as in South America.
 Ensure healthy lives
and promote well-
being for all at all ages
 Before the pandemic, major progress was made in improving the health of millions
of people. Significant strides were made in increasing life expectancy and reducing some of
the common killers associated with child and maternal mortality. But more efforts are needed
to fully eradicate a wide range of diseases and address many different persistent and
emerging health issues. By focusing on providing more efficient funding of health systems,
improved sanitation and hygiene, and increased access to physicians, significant progress can
be made in helping to save the lives of millions.
 Ensure inclusive and
equitable quality
education and promote
lifelong learning
opportunities for all
 Since 2000, there has been enormous progress on the goal to provide primary
education to all children worldwide. The total enrolment rate in developing regions
has reached 91% in 2015, and the worldwide number of children out of school has
dropped by almost half.
Poverty, armed conflict and other emergencies keep children around the world
out of school. In fact, children from the poorest households are four times more likely
to be out of school than those of the richest households.
 Achieving inclusive and quality education for all reaffirms
the belief that education is one of the most powerful and proven
vehicles for sustainable development.
This goal ensures that all girls and boys complete free
primary and secondary schooling by 2030.
 Achieve gender
equality and empower
all women and girls
 In just about every way, women and girls lag behind. There are still gross
inequalities in work and wages, lots of unpaid “women’s work” such as child care and
domestic work, and discrimination in public decision making. But there are grounds for
hope. More girls are in school now compared to in 2000. Most regions have reached gender
parity in primary education. The percentage of women getting paid for their work is on the
rise. The Sustainable Development Goals aim to build on these achievements to ensure that
there is an end to discrimination against women and girls everywhere.
Ensure availability and
sustainable
management of water
and sanitation for all
 Water scarcity affects more than 40% of people around the world, and that number is
projected to go even higher as a result of climate change. More and more countries are
experiencing water stress, and increasing drought and desertification is already worsening. By
2050, it is projected that at least one in four people will suffer recurring water shortages.
In year 2020, 3.6 billion people lacked safely managed sanitation services and
2.3 billion people lacked even basic hygiene.
Invest in adequate infrastructure, provide sanitation facilities, encourage
hygiene, and protecting and restoring water-related ecosystems is essential
that will lead to accomplishing this Goal.
 Ensure access to
affordable, reliable,
sustainable and modern
energy for all
 Between 2000 and 2016, the number of people with electricity increased from
78 to 87 percent, and the numbers without electricity dipped to just below one billion.
Yet as the world’s population continues to grow, so will the demand for cheap energy,
and an economy reliant on fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions are making
drastic changes to our climate.
 Investing in solar, wind and thermal power, improving energy productivity, and
ensuring energy for all is vital if we are to achieve SDG 7 by 2030.
 Promote sustained,
inclusive and
sustainable economic
growth, full and
productive employment
and decent work for all
 COVID-19 has disrupted billions of lives and endangered the global economy. The
International Monetary Fund (IMF) expects a global recession as bad as or worse than in 2009. As
job losses escalate, the International Labor Organization estimates that nearly half of the global
workforce is at risk of losing their livelihoods.
Even before the outbreak of COVID-19, one in five countries – home to billions of people
living in poverty – were likely to see per capita incomes stagnate or decline in 2020. Now, the
economic and financial shocks associated with COVID-19—such as disruptions to industrial
production, falling commodity prices, financial market volatility, and rising insecurity—are
derailing the already slow economic growth and compounding heightened risks from other factors.
 Build resilient
infrastructure, promote
inclusive and
sustainable
industrialization and
foster innovation
 Technological progress helps us address big global challenges such as creating jobs
and becoming more energy efficient. For example, the world is becoming ever more
interconnected and prosperous thanks to the internet. The more connected we are, the more we
can all benefit from the wisdom and contributions of people everywhere on earth. And yet four
billion people have no way of getting online, the vast majority of them in developing countries.
The more we invest in innovation and infrastructure, the better off we’ll all be. Bridging the
digital divide, promoting sustainable industries, and investing in scientific research and
innovation are all important ways to facilitate sustainable development. -UN
Reduce inequality
within and among
countries
 It’s an old story: the rich get richer, and the poor get poorer. The divide has never
been starker. We can and must adopt policies that create opportunity for everyone,
regardless of who they are or where they come from. Income inequality is a global
problem that requires global solutions. That means improving the regulation of financial
markets and institutions, sending development aid where it is most needed and helping
people migrate safely so they can pursue opportunities. Together, we can now change the
direction of the old story of inequality
-UN
 Make cities and
human settlements
inclusive, safe,
resilient and
sustainable
 Cities are getting bigger. In 1990 there were ten “mega-cities” with 10 million
inhabitants or more. In 2014, there were 28 mega-cities, home to 453 million people.
Incredible, huh? A lot of people love cities; they’re centers of culture and business and life.
The thing is, they’re also often centers of extreme poverty. To make cities sustainable for
all, we can create good, affordable public housing. We can upgrade slum settlements. We
can invest in public transport, create green spaces, and get a broader range of people
involved in urban planning decisions. That way, we can keep the things we love about
cities, and change the things we don’t.
-UN
Ensure sustainable
consumption and
production patterns
 Some people use a lot of stuff, and some people use very little—in fact, a big share of
the world population is consuming too little to meet even their basic needs. Instead, we can have
a world where everybody gets what they need to survive and thrive. And we can consume in a
way that preserves our natural resources so that our children can enjoy them, and their children
and their children after that. The hard part is how to achieve that goal. We can manage our
natural resources more efficiently and dispose of toxic waste better. Cut per capita food waste in
half globally. Get businesses and consumers to reduce and recycle waste. And help countries that
have typically not consumed a lot to move towards more responsible consumption patterns.
-UN
 Take urgent action to
combat climate
change and its impacts
 On average, the annual losses just from earthquakes, tsunamis, tropical cyclones
and flooding count in the hundreds of billions of dollars. We can reduce the loss of life and
property by helping more vulnerable regions—such as land-locked countries and island
states—become more resilient. It is still possible, with the political will and technological
measures, to limit the increase in global mean temperature to two degrees Celsius above
pre-industrial levels— and thus avoid the worst effects of climate change. The Sustainable
Development Goals lay out a way for countries to work together to meet this urgent
challenge.
-UN
 Conserve and
sustainably use the
oceans, seas and marine
resources for
sustainable
development
 The oceans make human life possible. Their temperature, their chemistry, their currents,
their life forms. For one thing, more than 3 billion people depend on marine and coastal diversity for
their livelihoods. But today we are seeing nearly a third of the world’s fish stocks overexploited.
That’s not a sustainable way of life. Even people who live nowhere near the ocean can’t live without
it. Oceans absorb about 30 percent of the carbon dioxide that humans produce; but we’re producing
more carbon dioxide than ever before and that makes the oceans more acidic—26% more, since the
start of the industrial revolution. Our trash doesn’t help either—13,000 pieces of plastic litter on every
square kilometer of ocean. Sounds bad, right? Don’t despair! The Sustainable Development Goals
indicate targets for managing and protecting life below water. -UN
Protect, restore and promote
sustainable use of terrestrial
ecosystems, sustainably
manage forests, combat
desertification, and halt and
reverse land degradation and
halt biodiversity loss
 Humans and other animals rely on other forms of life on land for food, clean air, clean
water, and as a means of combatting climate change. Plant life makes up 80% of the human diet.
Forests, which cover 30% of the Earth’s surface, help keep the air and water clean and the Earth’s
climate in balance. That’s not to mention they’re home to millions of animal species. But the land
and life on it are in trouble. Arable land is disappearing 30 to 35 times faster than it has
historically. Deserts are spreading. Animal breeds are going extinct. We can turn these trends
around. Fortunately, the Sustainable Development Goals aim to conserve and restore the use of
terrestrial ecosystems such as forests, wetlands, drylands and mountains by 2030. -
UN
 Promote peaceful and
inclusive societies for
sustainable development,
provide access to justice
for all and build effective,
accountable and inclusive
institutions at all levels
 Some parts of the world enjoy relative peace and justice, and may come to take it for
granted. Other parts seem to be plagued by armed conflict, crime, torture and exploitation, all of
which hinders their development. The goal of peace and justice is one for all countries to strive
towards. The Sustainable Development Goals aim to reduce all forms of violence and propose that
governments and communities find lasting solutions to conflict and insecurity. That means
strengthening the rule of law, reducing the flow of illicit arms, and bringing developing countries
more into the center of institutions of global governance.
-UN
Strengthen the means
of implementation and
revitalize the global
partnership for
sustainable
development
 The world is more interconnected today than ever before, thanks to the
internet, travel and global institutions. There’s a growing consensus about the need to
work together to stop climate change. And the Sustainable Development Goals are no
small matter either. 193 countries agreed on these goals. Pretty incredible, isn’t it?
193 countries agreeing on anything? The final goal lays out a way for nations to
work together to achieve all the other Goals.
-UN
THE
FIVE
P’S
Part 3

Charlon Jay Chicote

Princess Kayla Dacca
FOOD AS A RIGHT

The right to food is inscribed in the

universal declaration on human rights
(Article 25) and in the international
covenant on economic, social and
cultural rights (Article 11).
WHAT IS FOOD SECURITY?

The initial focus, reflecting the global concerns

of 1974, was on the volume and stability of
food supplies. Food security was defined in the
1974 World Food Summit as:
“Availability at all times of adequate
world food supplies of basic foodstuffs to
sustain a steady expansion of food
consumption and to offset fluctuations in
production and prices”
WHAT IS FOOD SECURITY?

In 1983, FAO expanded its concept to include

securing access by vulnerable people to available
supplies, implying that attention should be balanced
between the demand and supply side of the food
security equation:
“Ensuring that all people at all times have
both physical and economic access to the basic food
that they need”
WHAT IS FOOD SECURITY?

The 1996 World Food Summit adopted a still more

complex definition:
“Food security, at the individual, household,
national, regional and global levels [is achieved] when
all people, at all times, have physical and economic
access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet
their dietary needs and food preferences for an active
and healthy life”
WHAT IS FOOD SECURITY?

This definition is again refined in The State of Food Insecurity 2001:

“Food security is a situation that exists when all people, at
all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient,
safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food
preferences for an active and healthy life”

• Household food security is the application of this concept to the

family level, with individuals within households as the focus of
concern.
• Food insecurity exists when people do not have adequate
physical, social or economic access to food
TWO TYPES OF FOOD INSECURITY:

• CHRONIC - similar to undernourishment and related to poverty

- is a trend in food consumption that involves an
inability to meet food
requirements over a long period”
(IFAD 1997).
-the inability of a household or an individual to
meet the minimum daily food
requirements for a long period of
time” (FIVIMS 2002).
• TRANSITORY - resulting from temporary circumstances
- refers to a sudden (and often precipitous) drop
in the ability to purchase or grow enough
food to meet physiological
requirements for good health and
 IMPORTANCE OF GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY
• GROWTH IN THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR HAS BEEN FOUND, ON AVERAGE, TO
BE AT LEAST TWICE AS EFFECTIVE IN REDUCING POVERTY AS GROWTH IN
OTHER SECTORS. FOOD INSECURITY – OFTEN ROOTED IN POVERTY –
DECREASES THE ABILITY OF COUNTRIES TO DEVELOP THEIR AGRICULTURAL
MARKETS AND ECONOMIES.
ACCESS TO QUALITY, NUTRITIOUS FOOD IS FUNDAMENTAL TO HUMAN
EXISTENCE. SECURE ACCESS TO FOOD CAN PRODUCE WIDE RANGING POSITIVE
IMPACTS, INCLUDING:
• ECONOMIC GROWTH AND JOB CREATION
• POVERTY REDUCTION
• TRADE OPPORTUNITIES
• INCREASED GLOBAL SECURITY AND STABILITY
• IMPROVED HEALTH AND HEALTHCARE
 NIFA’S IMPACT
NIFA SUPPORTS GLOBAL EFFORTS TO STRENGTHEN AGRICULTURAL
PRODUCTION AND END HUNGER BY:

• HELPING COUNTRIES TO IMPROVE THEIR AGRICULTURAL MARKETS

AND INCREASE FOOD PRODUCTION
• FUNDING RESEARCH TO HEIGHTEN DISEASE RESISTANCE IN BEANS AND
INCREASE CROP PRODUCTION
• JOINING WITH USDA AND OTHER FEDERAL AGENCIES ON GLOBAL
INITIATIVES INTENDED TO BREAK THE CYCLE OF HUNGER AND
POVERTY
• DEVELOPING AND TESTING NEW FOOD PRODUCTS DESIGNED TO
IMPROVE THE NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF THE FOOD AID THAT IS
DELIVERED OVERSEAS
• STRENGTHENING DEVELOPING COUNTRIES’
• HELPING DEVELOPING COUNTRIES IMPROVE THEIR AGRICULTURAL
ECONOMIES
 FOOD SECURITY: MAKING SECURITY
SUSTAINABLE
THE FIVE MAIN TENETS OF THE CONCEPT OF FOOD
SECURITY ARE: QUALITY; QUANTITY; SAFETY;
PALATABILITY AND CULTURAL ACCEPTABILITY

UNTIL THE MID-1990S, FOOD SECURITY WAS ONLY DEFINED

BY THE TRIO OF QUALITY, QUANTITY AND SAFETY
HOWEVER SINCE THEN, THE CONCEPT OF CULTURAL
ACCEPTABILITY HAS WORKED ITS WAY INTO THE FOOD
SECURITY NEXUS. CULTURALLY ACCEPTABILITY REFERS
TO THE ACCESS TO FOOD STUFFS THAT ARE ACCEPTABLE
FOR A DESIGNATED POPULATION
FOOD SECURITY: MAKING SECURITY SUSTAINABLE

THE CONCEPT OF FOOD SECURITY IS THE ONE DEFINED BY

THE INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE,
WHICH NOW COVERS THE FOLLOWING:

• QUANTITY: ENERGY
• QUALITY: PROVISION OF ALL ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS
• SAFETY: FREE FROM TOXIC FACTORS AND CONTAMINANTS
• PALATABILITY: TASTE , TEXTURE AND SO ON
• COMMON AVAILABILITY: NATIONALLY, IN LOCAL
MARKETS, AND EVENTUALLY AT THE HOUSEHOLD LEVEL
• CULTURAL ACCEPTABILITY
 GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY CHALLENGE:
SUSTAINABILITY CONSIDERATIONS

CHALLENGES TO SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTIVITY

• GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE
• ANIMAL WELFARE
• HEALTH AND DISEASE
• POLICY CONSTRAINTS
• ANIMAL HEALTH AND DISEASE
• ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS
• HUMAN HEALTH AND DISEASE
• FOOD SAFETY
• SOCIOCULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
• COMMUNITY WELFARE
GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY: MAJOR
CHALLENGES

PRODUCTION
CONSUMPTION
DISTRIBUTION
POLITICS
GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY: MAJOR CHALLENGES

PRODUCTION

• DECREASE IN CULTIVATED AREA

• DEGRADATION OF ARABLE LANDS
• STAGNANT YIELDS
• CLIMATE CHANGE
• INCREASED CULTIVATION OF
BIOFUELS
• LAND GRABBING
GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY: MAJOR CHALLENGES

CONSUMPTION

• INCREASING POPULATION
• GROWING PROSPERITY
• CHANGING FOOD HABITS
• WASTAGES
GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY: MAJOR CHALLENGES

DISTRIBUTION

• ACCESS TO FOOD-
FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS
• ACCESS TO FOOD-PHYSICAL
CONSTRAINTS
• FOOD DENIAL
GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY: MAJOR CHALLENGES

POLITICAL

• POOR COMMITMENT OF THE RULING

ELITE
• NOT PROVIDING GOOD
GOVEERNANCE
• NOT IMPROVING OVERALL LAW AND
ORDER
• NOT MAKING SPECIAL
ARRANGEMENTS
Global Food Security: Global Response
GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY: GLOBAL RESPONSE
GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY: GLOBAL RESPONSE
GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY: GLOBAL RESPONSE
Part 4

FOUR PERSPECTIVES ON
FOOD SECURITY
Aiza Mangaliwan
Jeany Sobrepeña
 Food security exists when all people, at all
times, have physical, social and economic access to
sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that meets their
dietary needs and food preferences for an active
and healthy life. The four pillars of food security
are availability, access, utilization and stability.
AVAILABILITY

• THE PHYSICAL PRESENCE OF FOOD IS REFERRED TO

AS AVAILABILITY. FOOD AVAILABILITY AT THE
NATIONAL LEVEL IS DETERMINED BY A
COMBINATION OF DOMESTIC FOOD PRODUCTION,
COMMERCIAL FOOD IMPORTS AND EXPORTS, FOOD
AID, AND DOMESTIC FOOD STOCKS. ON A HOUSEHOLD
LEVEL, FOOD COULD BE GROWN IN THE HOME OR
PURCHASED FROM LOCAL MARKETS.
• FOOD AVAILABILITY IS ACHIEVED WHEN SUFFICIENT
QUANTITIES OF FOOD ARE CONSISTENTLY AVAILABLE
TO ALL INDIVIDUALS WITHIN A COUNTRY. SUCH
FOOD CAN BE SUPPLIED THROUGH HOUSEHOLD
PRODUCTION, OTHER DOMESTIC OUTPUTS,
COMMERCIAL IMPORTS OR FOOD ASSISTANCE.
 WHAT FACTORS INFLUENCE FOOD AVAILABILITY?
• CONFLICT/WAR
• CLIMATE CHANGE
• NATURAL DISASTER
• LOSS OF
AGRICULTURAL
LAND
• PRICE
• POPULATION
INCREASE
• WORLD TRADE
 • FOOD ACCESS IS ENSURED WHEN
ACCESS HOUSEHOLDS AND ALL INDIVIDUALS WITHIN
THEM HAVE ADEQUATE RESOURCES TO
OBTAIN APPROPRIATE FOOD FOR A
NUTRITIONAL DIET. ACCESS DEPENDS UPON
INCOME AVAILABLE TO THE HOUSEHOLD, ON
THE DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME WITHIN THE
HOUSEHOLD AND ON THE PRICE OF FOOD.
THIS IS PRIMARILY DETERMINED BY THE
AMOUNT OF HOUSEHOLD RESOURCES
AVAILABLE AND THE PRICE OF GOODS.
FURTHERMORE, ACCESSIBILITY IS
INFLUENCED BY THE PHYSICAL, SOCIAL, AND
POLICY ENVIRONMENTS. DRASTIC CHANGES
IN THESE DIMENSIONS MAY SERIOUSLY
DISRUPT PRODUCTION STRATEGIES AND
JEOPARDIZE AFFECTED HOUSEHOLDS' FOOD
ACCESS.
 • FOOD UTILIZATION IS THE
USE AND UTILIZATION PROPER BIOLOGICAL USE
OF FOOD, REQUIRING A DIET PROVIDING SUFFICIENT
ENERGY AND ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS, POTABLE WATER,
AND ADEQUATE SANITATION. EFFECTIVE FOOD
UTILIZATION DEPENDS IN LARGE MEASURE ON
KNOWLEDGE WITHIN THE HOUSEHOLD OF FOOD
STORAGE AND PROCESSING TECHNIQUES, BASIC
PRINCIPLES OF NUTRITION AND PROPER CHILDCARE.
• USE IS THE SOCIOECONOMIC ASPECTS OF HOUSEHOLD
FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY, AS DETERMINED BY
KNOWLEDGE AND HABITS. ASSUMING THAT
NUTRITIOUS FOOD IS AVAILABLE AND ACCESSIBLE,
THE HOUSEHOLD MUST DECIDE WHAT FOOD TO BUY,
HOW TO PREPARE IT, AND HOW TO CONSUME AND
DISTRIBUTE IT WITHIN THE HOUSEHOLD.
• ANOTHER ASPECTS IS THE BIOLOGICAL UTILIZATION.
THIS REFERS TO THE HUMAN BODY'S ABILITY TO
DIGEST AND CONVERT FOOD. THIS GAINED ENERGY IS
VERY IMPORTANT WHEN IT COMES TO DAILY PHYSICAL
STABILITY

• FOOD STABILITY REFERS TO THE ABILITY TO OBTAIN

FOOD OVER TIME. IT HELPS TO ENHANCE THE
PRODUCTIVITY AND CONSECUTIVELY THE
PRODUCTION OF FOOD. IT CAN ASSIST IN PROVIDING
OPPORTUNITIES FOR INCOME GENERATION. AND, IT
GENERALLY PROVIDES IMPROVEMENT OF
NUTRITIONAL ADVICE THROUGH HOME ECONOMICS
PROGRAMS AND ENHANCES THE QUALITY OF RURAL
LIFE BY WAY OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT.
• STABILITY DESCRIBES THE TEMPORAL DIMENSION OF
FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY; IT IS PROVIDED
WHEN HOUSEHOLD SUPPLY REMAINS CONSTANT
THROUGHOUT THE YEAR AND OVER TIME. THIS
INCLUDES FOOD, INCOME, AND FINANCIAL
THANK Y U!!