Nervous System

The Endocrine
and
Nervous System

Prepared by: Ms. Angel B. Embiado

Endocrine System
made up of group of organs called
endocrine glands

Endocrine glands
a gland is the smallest living unit in the
body that produces and releases a chemical
substance called hormones.
The Overall Role of the Endocrine System
 known as “system of checks and balances”
 consist of many glands which secretes hormones directly
into the blood stream
 similar to thermostat (temperature regulator)
 when the endocrine system is not properly doing its job,
the over health of the body may be affected
 Major Glands of the Endocrine System and their
Hormones
Gland Hormone Function and Location
Hypothalamus Releasing factors  connected to pituitary
Oxytocin gland
Antidiuretic  located at the base of
hormone (ADH) the brain
 regulates activities pf
the body, metabolism
and reproduction
 Major Glands of the Endocrine System and their
Hormones
Gland Hormone Function and Location

Pituitary Adrenocorticotrop  it stimulates adrenal

ic hormone gland, thyroid gland to
(ACTH) release specific hormone
Thyroid  regulates growth of
stimulating skeletal system
hormone (TSH)  stimulates milk
Growth hormone production in mammary
prolactin gland
 Major Glands of the Endocrine System and their
Hormones
Gland Hormone Function and Location

Adrenal Adrenalin  controls “fight or flight”

(epinephrine) response
Aldosteron  found above the kidney
 produce specific
hormones that affect
kidneys, metabolism,
and response to stressful
situations.
 Major Glands of the Endocrine System and their
Hormones
Gland Hormone Function and Location

Thyroid Thyroxine  located at the front of

Calcitonin the neck
 regulates the rate of
metabolism
 Major Glands of the Endocrine System and their
Hormones
Gland Hormone Function and Location

Parathyroid Parathyroid  four tiny glands

hormone connected to the back of
thyroid gland
 regulates minerals in the
body-calcium and
phosphorus in
bloodstream
 Major Glands of the Endocrine System and their
Hormones
Gland Hormone Function and Location

Pancreas Insulin  located beneath the

Glucogen stomach
 Insulin – controls level
of sugar
 Glucogen – stimulates
the liver to convert
glycogen to glucose
 Major Glands of the Endocrine System and their
Hormones
Gland Hormone Function and Location

Thymus Estrogen  Located in the upper

Ovaries Progesterone chest of the heart
Testes testosterone  develop some of the
body’s defense against
infection
 two reproductive glands
plays important role in
reproduction
Different Control System in the Body
1. Sensor
 receptors which are responsible in gathering information
about the conditions inside and outside of the body.
2. Control Center
 control center of the body is brain
 brain receives information from the sensors
 examines the information to the ideal value (set point)
3. Communicating Systems
 nervous system and endocrine system are
communicating systems of the body
 carry information to all parts of the body
 nerve impulse and hormones dictates the target cell or
organs in the body to respond with the internal and
external changes
3. Targets
 any organ, tissue, or cell which is responsible to the
changes in the activity of the body in response to the
message received
 the human body is made of electrical signals or neurons
which receive input, process the input, and produce a
response
Parts of the Neuron
a. Dendrites are branched cell components that receives
stimulus from other neurons or sensory receptors
b. Cell body contains a nucleus which will process the
stimulus.
c. Axon conducts electrical impulses away from the cell
body.
d. Axon Terminals where axons communicate with other
neurons or effectors (target structures which respond to
nerve impulses)
e. Myelin sheath
 protective layer that wraps around the axons of neurons to
aid in insulating the neurons
 increase the number of electrical signals being transferred.
f. Nodes of Ranvier
 periodic gap in the insulating sheath (myelin) on the axon
of certain neurons
 serves to facilitate the rapid conduction of nerve impulses.