Selection of Relevant Literature

Using the Standard Styles (APA,

MLA or Chicago Manual of Styles)
LESSON 8
I.
Objectives:
After exploring this
supplementary material, you
should be able to:
a. Select relevant literature
b. Cites related literature using
(APA, MLA, or Chicago Manual of
Styles)
1
Selecting
Relevant
Literature
Once the problem and purpose of the study have been
formulated, it is compulsory that the researcher should
undertake an extensive literature review connected to the
problem. The first place to go is to look for journals and
published and unpublished research studies similar to
the topic of your research. Academic journals, conference
proceedings, books, interviews, documents from the
internet, and others must be consulted depending on the
nature of the problem. In this process, you have to
remember that one source will lead to another. You have
to spend extensive hours in the library to look for
resources like a thesis and other journals as you have to
consider how former researchers conduct their studies
Systematic reading criteria
What is systematic reading criteria?
A systematic reading criteria is a system of arranging your literature
review and summarizing to answer your existing research questios.
When you do this system you have to:

1. Look for relevant literature reviews similar or related to your own

topic.
2. You have to begin reading their existing research questions.
3. Analyze what method they used to find answers to the questions.
4. Understand how they discover the answer to their exixting
problems
5. And then their recommendation for future researchers.
 You may adopt the following in doing
your systematic reading criteria:
Referenc Recommen
e Details -dation
Researc Conclusion
(author,d Metho
Title h d
ate,publi
sher etc.) Questio Used
n
This kind of organization will help you determine the similarities or
differences of the previous research or literature to your studies. You can
select similarly themed papers to cite and also find out the differences and
opposing views in your research. This systematic process of reading will
provide a strong structure of organization in your research.
 Cite Related Literature Using (APA,MLA, or Chicago Manual of
Styles)
In terms of your research paper format, you need to follow certain
style guide. A style guide which is commonly called as a manual of
style is a set of standards in presenting or formatting documents such
as research papers. There are commonly popular style guides in
research. They are the American Psychological Association or APA,
Modern Language Association or MLA or Chicago Manual of Style or
CMS.

When you design your research paper, be sure to ask your teacher
or adviser on which manual of style you would follow. Microsoft Word
in the Reference tab automatically set the style especially when you
include citations or references in your research.
 Let us learn more about these popular manual of
styles:
1. APA- (American Psychological Association) is a style most
popularly used for researches in social sciences particularly in
psychology and in education. APA style is so consistent to improve
clarity of your writing by clearly indicating the sources of your
evidences in research and provide also uniform formatting of your
entire paper.

2. MLA- (Modern Language Association) style can be recognized

through parenthetical citations. Parenthetical citations acknowledge
the writer's surname, date of publications and sometimes the page
number of the source at the end of the direct qoute or paraphrase .
MLA is often used in the humanities, social sciences and other fields.
3. CMS - or the Chicago Manual of Style is the
preferred formatting for researchers in philosophy,
history , religion and arts. Usually the bibliography
cites the author's first name and last name, book
titlee and parenthesis (publisher, place of publication
date) and last is the page number.
The APA (American Psychological Association) style
format is the preferred citation style for social science
research papers. What does APA style mean? APA style
is a set of guidelines for writing and formatting
research papers in psychology and related fields. APA is
frequently used in the fields of economics, criminology,
political science, sociology, business, and pedagogy.
When we talk about APA style in research, we are
talking about the rules for what a research paper must
contain and how it should be written. APA provides
specific guidelines for nearly all aspects of manuscript
formatting, from font choice to margins and
What is MLA format?

MLA format was developed by the Modern Language

Association to provide a uniform way for academics in the arts
and humanities fields to format their works and cite their
sources. MLA format, like other academic styles, includes
specific guidelines for a paper’s heading, in-text citations,
works cited page, quotations, abbreviations, and even the size
of the margins.

This format (like other academic formats) takes the guesswork

out of formatting your academic writing and ensures that your
sources are cited and credited properly, leaving you, and your
readers, to focus on your paper’s content.
MLA
Author’s name in MLA will take the format:
Last Name, First Name

Henry, John

The formatting of the author will vary based on

how many there are. Two authors will be written
out with an “and” separating them. With
three or more authors, you’ll include the first
author and then et al., which is Latin for “and
Two Authors:
Gillespie, Paula and Neal Lerner

Note: Notice the second name is written in the first name

last name format

Three or More Authors:

Gillespie, Paula, et al
APA
In APA format, you only write out the last name followed by
the first and middle initial.
Henry, J.
When it comes to multiple authors in APA, you
have three different categories. With two authors,
you’ll list both with an ampersand (&) separating
them. When there are less than twenty authors,
you’ll list all the names with commas separating
them and an ampersand before the last one. If the
source has more than twenty authors, you’ll list
the first nineteen authors, separated by commas,
then include an ellipsis (. . .) followed by the last
author. Look at a few examples to really
Two Authors:

Gillespie, P. H., & Lerner, N.

Twenty or Fewer Authors:

Gillespie, P. H., Corn, D. P., Son, C. R., Barry, A. B., Harlow,

T., & Beck, J.

More Than Twenty Authors:

Gillespie, P. H., Corn, D. P., Son, C. R., Barry, A. B., Harlow,

T., Beck, J., Jones, A., Robins, C., Jackson, S., Smith, J. P.,
Johnson, T., Turney, W., White, K. L., Hunter, B. A., Lewis,
The Chicago Manual of Style is a style guide for
American English published since 1906 by the
University of Chicago Press. Its 17 editions have
prescribed writing and citation styles widely used
in publishing.
The purpose of a literature review is to gain an
understanding of the existing research and
debates relevant to a particular topic or area of
study, and to present that knowledge in the
form of a written report. The Manual of Style is a
prescribed format of your research.

1. APA - is known as American Psychological

Association (APA), and is usually applicable to
social sciences and other research formats. This
format for writing research papers is used often
2. MLA - (Modern Language Association) style can
be recognized through parenthetical citations.
Parenthetical citations acknowledge the writer's
surname, date of publication and sometimes the
page number of the source at the end of the direct
quote or paraphrase. MLA is often used in the
humanities, social sciences and other fields.
3. CMS - or the Chicago Manual of Style is the
preferred formatting for research in philosophy,
history, religion and arts. Usually the bibliography
cites the author's first name and last name, book
title and parenthesis (publisher, place of publication
date) and last is the page number.

Microsoft Word automatically format

bibliographies using APA, MLA and Chicago format.
III. IIlustrative Example

STEPS in using APA format to set the review of

related literature:

1. Go to the reference tab. Set the reference tab to

APA format.
2. Click on Insert citations.
3. Choose what reference you want to citefrom the
list.
4.Complete the entries then click okay.
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