IMT-2020 Spectrum: ITU-R Study

and National Practice

WANG Tan
Ph.D./Deputy Director
The State Radio Monitoring Center
(The State Radio Spectrum Management Center)
MIIT

中国信息通信研究院 http://www.caict.ac.cn/
Outline

• Background of IMT spectrum in ITU-R

• ITU-R studies – principle and case study
• Some national practice
• Future consideration
• Summary

2
IMT-2020 (5G) from ITU perspective
Expanding to the mobile Internet of Things
Mobile Internet enhancement
Scenario 2 ： Ultra-Reliability and Low Latency
Scenario 1 ： enhanced Mobile Broadband （ eMBB ）
Communications （ URLLC ）
• Peak cell rates ： 10-20Gbps
• Latency ： ~1ms
• Spectrum efficiency ： 3 times of 4G
• Mobility ： support 500kph
• Latency ： 1~4ms • Reliability ： 99.999%
Dense Urban Indoor hotspot
Scenario 3 ： massive Machine Type of
Communication （ mMTC ）

• User experience rates ： • Throughput density ：

100Mbps 100Mbit/s/m2
• Connection density ： • Low power consumption
Source ： IMT-2020 Promotion Group 106/km2 and low cost
3
IMT-2020 (5G) from ITU perspective

According to the ITU 5G Vision Recommendation M.2083 (September 2015), 5G has 8 Key Performance Indicators (KPIs).

• Different requirements for different KPIs.

• Different spectrum requirements for different scenarios.

Source ： ITU-R
4
Demand of frequency range of 5G

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 IMT spectrum in ITU-R

• WRC Agenda Items for IMT spectrum

• <6GHz before WRC-15, >24GHz for WRC-19, 3.3-10.5GHz “mid-bands” for WRC-23
• IMT-2000 (3G) / Advanced (4G) / 2020 (5G) is a family
• WP5D dedicated to study IMT issues now
24.25-27.5 GHz 3300-3400 MHz R1/2
470-698 MHz 37-43.5 GHz 3600-3800 MHz R2
450-470 MHz 1427-1518 MHz 45.5-47 GHz 6425-7025 MHz R1
806-960 MHz 698-862 MHz 3300-3400 MHz 47.2-48.2 GHz 7025-7125 MHz

1885-2025 MHz 1710-1880 MHz 2300-2400 MHz 3600-3700 MHz 66-71 GHz 10-10.5 GHz R2

2110-2200 MHz 2500-2690 MHz 3400-3600 MHz 4800-4990 MHz

WRC
1992 1995 1997 2000 2003 2007 2012 2015 2019 2023.11

*Note that some frequency bands are not globally identified, e.g., only some administration identify these bands in footnotes.

6
Outline

• Background of IMT spectrum in ITU-R

• ITU-R studies – principle and case study
• Some national practice
• Future consideration
• Summary

7
General principles
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
• Before frequencies are allocated for a new radio application, compatibility with existing radio systems and with
non-radio devices must be ensured, which is referred as EMC*.
• Purely theoretical radio compatibility studies are often not adequate. The monitoring service may be called to
assist with the necessary practical studies.

EMC Test

* Source: ITU-R. Handbook on National Spectrum Management. Editon of 2015.

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General principles
Technical parameters
• Carrier frequencies
• Transmitter power
• Bandwidth
• Unwanted emission
• Intermodulation products
• Sensitivity of radio receivers

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General principles
Interference analysis

• The wanted signal at the receiver is mainly degraded by four interference types:

Co-channel interference

Adjacent channel interference

Receiver desensitization

Intermodulation interference

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General principles
Interference types

Co-channel interference
• Caused by the presence of desired and interfering signals
operating in the same channel within the bandwidth of the
intermediate frequency (IF) amplifier
• Both the desired and interfering signals overlap, the
interfering signal cannot be filtered out by normal means
• The main reason for co-channel interference is the same
frequency reused for radio stations, and stations operating
at same frequency without coordination, such as illegal
stations, stations in the border areas with neighboring
country

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General principles
Interference types

Adjacent channel interference

• May occur due to an interfering signal operating in the
adjacent channel or transmitter spurious emissions
• The level of adjacent-channel interference is dependent
on the radio-frequency rejection characteristics of the
receiver, which refers to the filtering effect of the
receiver's front-end filter and the intermediate frequency
filter Adjacent interference

Spurious emission

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General principles
Interference types

Receiver desensitization
• Desensitization may occur when an interfering transmitter
operates at close proximity to a receiver. If the interfering Receiver filter High power transmitter
signal is sufficiently strong the receiver may be driven to
saturation
• Blocking interference means that when strong interfering
signals are added to the receiver at the same time as the
wanted signal, strong interference will saturate the
nonlinear components of the receiver link and produce Noise floor Frequency
non-linear distortion

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General principles
Interference types

Intermodulation interference
• Caused by the non-linearities in a transmission circuit.
• When two or more different frequency signals are input to
the non-linear circuit, many harmonic and combined
frequency components are generated.
• The combined frequency components which close to the
desired signal frequency will be successfully through the f1 f2 | 2 f1 ± f 2 |
receiver to become interference, this interference is called
intermodulation interference.
• The third order intermodulation products cause the most
Noise floor Frequency
serious impact.

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General principles
Interference types

Unwanted emission:
• includes out-of-band emission and spurious emission

Occupied /
Necessary
bandwidth

Spurious emission Spurious emission

2B B 2B

Out-of-band Out-of-band
emission emission
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General principles
Adjacent channel interference

ACLR

ACS

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General principles
Interference calculation

Interference level for co-channel, adjacent channel and desensitization:

• Pt, the interfere transmitter power,

• Gt, the gain of the interfere antenna in the direction of the receiver (dBi)
• Gr, the gain of the interfere antenna in the direction of the interferer(dBi)
• Lb(d), the basic loss for a separation distance d between the receiver and the interferer,
• FDR(∆f), the frequency dependent rejection depending on f.

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General principles
Model of propagation

Core factors of spectrum engineering in EMC link budget calculation

• ITU-R Recommendation P. series
• Terrestrial/Space
• ITU-R Study Group 3
• Other models
• 3GPP Technical Report, e.g. TR 36.873 Study on 3D channel model for LTE
• Intra-system/Inter-system

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 One Map for Propagation Model of ITU
—— by SRMC

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* Source: http://www.srrc.org.cn/spreadmodel/Index.aspx
General principles
EMC Analysis Methodology

EMC Analysis
Permitted interference level Actual interference level
indicators determined indicators determined Methodology
• Deterministic
Analog systems Digital systems Transmitter parameters
calculation
Bit error rate Transmission parameters • Simulation
• Test
Eb/n0 Receiver parameters

Permitted interference Actual interference level

level
Comparison

EMC Analysis conclusion

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Case study – a brief view of 26/32/40GHz
Service Frequency band
26 GHz main body 24.25‑27.5 GHz
EESS/SRS (in band) 25.5‑27 GHz
Passive (adjacent band) 23.6‑24 GHz
FSS 24.65‑25.25/ 27‑27.5 GHz
ISS 24.25‑24.75/25.25‑27.5 GHz
FS 24.25‑27.5 GHz
32 GHz main body 31.8‑33.4 GHz
RNS 31.8‑33.4 GHz
SRS (deep space) (s‑E) 31.8‑32.3 GHz
EESS (passive) 31.3‑31.8 GHz
RAS 31.3‑31.8 GHz
40 GHz Main body 37‑43.5 GHz
FSS/MSS/BSS (space‑to‑Earth) 37.5‑42.5 GHz, 47.5‑47.9 GHz, 48.2‑48.54 GHz, 49.44‑50.2 GHz
EESS/SRS 37‑38 GHz, 40‑40.5 GHz
EESS/SRS (passive) adjacent band 36‑37 GHz
FS 37‑42.5 GHz
RAS 42.5‑43.5 GHz
FSS (Earth‑to‑space) 42.5‑43.5 GHz
*WRC-19 AI 1.13 26/32/40GHz 21
Case study: 5G and ISS @26GHz

• Sharing and compatibility between IMT-2020 (5G) system and inter satellite service in the
frequency range 25.25-27.5GHz
• A very typical, complicated, challenging and interesting case study
• A sharing and compatibility between terrestrial and space radio services
• A global size issue, not a country size

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Case study: 5G and ISS @26GHz

1. Background
• WRC-19 Agenda Item 1.13
• Resolution 238 (WRC-15) calls for studies to determine the spectrum needs for the terrestrial
component of IMT in the frequency range between 24.25 GHz and 86 GHz, as well as sharing and
compatibility studies, taking into account the protection of services to which the band is allocated on a
primary basis, for the frequency bands:
– 24.25-27.5 GHz , 37-40.5 GHz, 42.5-43.5 GHz, 45.5-47 GHz, 47.2-50.2 GHz, 50.4 52.6 GHz, 66-76
GHz and 81-86 GHz, which have allocations to the mobile service on a primary basis; and
– 31.8-33.4 GHz, 40.5-42.5 GHz and 47-47.2 GHz, which may require additional allocations to the
mobile service on a primary basis.

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Case study: 5G and ISS @26GHz

1. Background
• Frequency allocations in the 25.25-27.5 GHz frequency range

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Case study: 5G and ISS @26GHz

2. Scenario for study

• According to ITU-R REC. SA.1414, ISS in this frequency band is reverse link (low -> high)

GSO receiver

Return inter-orbit link

Interference link

5G link Spacecraft / LEO

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Case study: 5G and ISS @26GHz

3. Key technical and operational characteristics

• inter-satellite service operating in 25.25-27.5GHz - transmitting

26
Case study: 5G and ISS @26GHz

3. Key technical and operational characteristics

• inter-satellite service operating in 25.25-27.5GHz - receiving

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Case study: 5G and ISS @26GHz

3. Key technical and operational characteristics

• IMT systems - Outdoor urban hotspot - Base station characteristics/Cell structure

dz

dy

M.2101 -10

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Case study: 5G and ISS @26GHz

3. Key technical and operational characteristics

• IMT systems - Outdoor urban hotspot - Deployment consideration in a relatively large area

The deployment density values for large area (Dl) to be used in a sharing study is
therefore calculated according to the following formula:

Dl = Ds * Ra * Rb
where:
Ds = Density value in Tables 10-13 for outdoor hotspot area, i.e. density of
simultaneously transmitting UEs or number of BS per km 2 (see the
“Network topology and characteristics” rows in the relevant Tables);
Ra (%) = ratio of hotspot areas to areas of cities/built areas/districts;
Rb (%) = ratio of built areas to total area of region in study.

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Case study: 5G and ISS @26GHz

3. Key technical and operational characteristics

• Propagation models
• Freespace pathloss
• Atmospheric loss
• Clutter loss (BEL loss for indoor)

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Case study: 5G and ISS @26GHz

4. Simulation methodology
• Flowchart of simulation downlink method

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Source ： ITU-R Rec. M.2101
Case study: 5G and ISS @26GHz

4. Simulation methodology
• Key problems:
• How to model the large amount of IMT base stations in a GSO visible area*, considering the individual
beam-forming feature?
• How to evaluate the protection criterion?
• How to model NGSO-GSO tracking?

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Source ： ITU-R Rec. M.2101
Case study: 5G and ISS @26GHz

4. Simulation methodology
• To model the large amount of IMT base stations
• One by one — to model the base stations in the global land area. For the unpopulated areas, e.g. deserts,
forests, mountain regions etc. such areas/regions could be excluded.

33
Case study: 5G and ISS @26GHz

4. Simulation methodology
• How to evaluate the protection criterion
• Spatial analysis, the receiving antenna of the GSO scans the whole visible area
• Temporal analysis, the receiving antenna of the GSO is assumed to be tracking a NGSO

10

-10

I/N (dB)
-20

-30

-40

-50
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
卫星运行时间（天）
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Case study: 5G and ISS @26GHz

4. Simulation methodology
• How to model NGSO-GSO tracking
• ITU BR IFIC: to obtain specific satellite material from database
GSO ： name/orbit position/antenna characteristic/…
NGSO ： name/system/height/incline/antenna characteristic/…
• Use software to model the track of running NGSO
Simulation time step by several seconds/minutes…
When there is a NGSO system, set an appropriate tracking strategy (nearest/specific/…)

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Similar case

Methodology of sharing between FSS with IMT (26GHz/40GHz/6GHz)

36
Outline

• Background of IMT spectrum in ITU-R

• ITU-R studies – principle and case study
• Some national practice
• Future consideration
• Summary

37
5G Spectrum Overview in China

700 2.1 2.6 3.3-3.6 4.9

MHz GHz GHz GHz GHz

Some lower Mid-band

bands re-farmed
as pioneer
38
5G Spectrum Regulation Timeline

• It usually took long time to prepare new spectrum before releasing to MNOs.
• Early planning for future IMT spectrum is therefore very important.
39
Practice of 3.5 GHz frequency bands in China

Overview
• In China, the band 3 400-4 200 MHz has been allocated to Fixed Satellite Service as primary service for a
quite long time, and the part of the band, 3 400-3 600 MHz, has been identified for IMT (MOBILE
SERVICE) since WRC-07.
• In November 2017, China planned the band 3 400-3 600 MHz to use for IMT system (IMT-2020, or 5G)
under MOBILE SERVICE.
• In December 2018, some IMT-2020 (5G) trials in the band 3 400-3 600 MHz were conducted in several
cities. Furthermore, two frequency licenses were issued to two operators in 2020 and the 5G networks
have been put into commercial use in the 3 400-3 600 MHz band since then.
• In order to ensure the co-existence between IMT stations and existing FSS earth stations and flexible
deployment of IMT systems, the compatibility studies and the interference mitigation techniques were
carried in China.

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Practice of 3.5 GHz frequency bands in China

Frequency allocation in the band 3 400-4 200 MHz

• In November 2017 Chinese Administration released the frequency plan for the IMT-2020:
• The band 3 300-3 600 MHz is planned for IMT-2020.
• No more new licenses for space service in the band 3 400 -3 700 MHz and space TT&C frequency in
the band 3 400-3 600 MHz.
• No more new licenses for FS frequency in 3 400-4 200 MHz.
• Two operators, China Telecom and China Unicom, were licensed to launch their 5G trails in the bands 3
400-3 500 MHz and 3 500-3 600 MHz respectively in December 2018.
3300 3400 3500 3600 3700 4200（MHz）

5G 5G 5G
5G （indoor） CT CU

FSS FSS(Space to earth) FSS( Space to earth)

3300 3400 3500 3600 3700 4200（MHz） 41

Practice of 3.5 GHz frequency bands in China

Interference issues in the band 3 400-4 200 MHz

• The inter-band and intra-band interferences between IMT station in the band 3 400-3 600 MHz and FSS
earth station in the band 3 400-4 200 MHz are existed.
• IMT station’s emissions and FSS earth station LNA (low noise amplifier)/LNB (low-noise block down
converter)’s overload are main factors for inter-band and intra-band interferences, the main reasons are
below.
 Interference from IMT station’s unwanted emissions
Due to FSS earth station’s input signal strength is always at very low power level, unwanted emissions generated by
IMT base station could cause interference to reception of FSS earth station operating in IMT system’s adjacent
band.
 LNA/LNB overload
FSS Earth station’s LNAs and LNBs are optimized for receiving very low power level of satellite signal and have a
very high sensitivity.
IMT signal’s strength is always at much higher power level, it can severely affect the LNA/LNB and drive it out of
its dynamic range to where it works at a non-linear behavior. 42
Practice of 3.5 GHz frequency bands in China

Interference coordination regulation

In December 2018, Chinese administration issued Administrative Measures on Interference Coordination between IMT-
2020(5G) stations and other radiocommunication stations in the 3.0-4.2 GHz, which have taken effect from 1st January
2019.
1. Based on theoretical analysis the interference coordination areas are determined.
2. The exact interference areas should be determined based on the geographical territory and the field test result.
3. Since 1st January 2019, China stopped releasing new licenses to satellite space radio stations and satellite earth
stations in the frequency range of 3 400-3 700 MHz, except for the space radio stations and corresponding TT&C
stations that approved and in development, or TT&C stations in existing TT&C area. In addition, China no longer
impose additional protection requirement to IMT-2020(5G) systems.
4. Since 1st January 2019, for newly installed satellite earth stations (including TT&C stations) in the band 3 700-4
200 MHz, the technical characteristics of their LNA/LNB should meet the relevant requirements in Annex 4 of the
Administrative Measures.
5. The LNA/LNB in FSS earth station in the band 3 700-4 200 MHz band should work in its dynamic range when the
input power in the band 3 300-3 600 MHz is −20 dBm.

43
Practice of 3.5 GHz frequency bands in China

Coordination distances based on theoretical analysis

The interference coordination areas based on theoretical analysis:
a) 3.4-3.6 GHz IMT-20202(5G) outdoor systems vs 3.4-3.6 GHz FSS earth
stations, coordinated separation distance 42.5 km.
b) 3.4-3.6 GHz IMT-20202(5G) indoor systems vs 3.4-3.6 GHz FSS earth
stations, coordinated separation distance 1 km.
c) 3.4-3.6 GHz IMT-20202(5G) outdoor systems vs 3.6-3.7 GHz FSS earth
stations, coordinated separation distance 4 km.
d) 3.4-3.6 GHz IMT-20202(5G) indoor systems vs 3.6-3.7 GHz FSS earth
stations, coordinated separation distance 50 m.
e) 3.4-3.6 GHz IMT-20202(5G) outdoor systems vs 3.7-4.2 GHz FSS earth A β C

stations conforming with Annex 4 (adopting filtering and anti-saturation  B

D

P

measures) of the Administrative Measures, coordinated separation distance φ


O

M
100 m.
f) 3.4-3.6 GHz IMT-20202(5G) outdoor systems vs 3.7-4.2 GHz FSS earth
stations not conforming with Annex 4 of the Administrative Measures,
44
coordinated separation distance 2 km.
Practice of 3.5 GHz frequency bands in China

Field test between 5G and FSS Receiver

In the year 2017 and 2018, IMT-2020(5G) and FSS receiver coexistence field test for the co-channel and
adjacent channel interference as well as the blocking interference test was conducted. The test also took into
account the additional protection mechanism for FSS receiver (e.g. additional filters).

45
Practice of 3.5 GHz frequency bands in China

Field test between 5G and FSS Receiver

• In May 2019, the interference mitigation field test in
3.5GHz frequency band between IMT-2020(5G) and
FSS receiver was further conducted to verify the
feasibility of interference mitigation by adding a filter
between feed and LNB for FSS receivers operating in 3
700-4 200 MHz band.
• Based on the above field test in 2019, the received IMT-
2020(5G) power was reduced by at least 40dB before
LNB by adding an additional filter and the maximum
input power is more than -20dBm.

46
Practice of 3.5 GHz frequency bands in China

Technical requirement – FSS side

• Based on field tests, the method of adding an additional filter between the LNA/LNB and feeder is
proved to be an effective way to avoid LNA/LNB overdrive occurred and to protect the FSS earth station
to avoid harmful, and to ensure the operation of services.
• Depending on the antenna mode, one or two filters shall be required.
Vertical polarization
filter LNA/LNB • If circular polarization antenna of the
feeder and LNA/LNB are integrated,

receiver
Dual
Dual polarized
feed it will be difficult to add a filter in
antenna
between.
filter LNA/LNB
Horizontal polarization
• In this case, a new antenna with
integrated filter will be adopted, or a
new LNA/LNB integrated with the
filter is recommend, produced by
Single polariz
ed antenna feed filter LNA/LNB receiver the filter manufacturer.
47
Practice of 3.5 GHz frequency bands in China

Technical requirement – FSS side

Based on validation the filter index is recommended as following:
• Input frequency: 3.4-4.2 GHz
• Output frequency: 3.7-4.2 GHz
• Insert loss: ≤ 0.5 dB in 3.7-4.2 GHz (tested in 23°C);
• VSWR ≤ 1.4 dB
• IMT-2020(5G) signal suppression
• ≥ 55 dB in 3.4-3.5 GHz
• ≥ 55 dB in 3.5-3.6 GHz

48
Practice of 3.5 GHz frequency bands in China

Technical requirement – IMT side

In December 2019, Chinese administration further made RF technical characteristics of IMT station to limit
the unwanted emission power form IMT-2020(5G) base station in the band 3 400-3 600 MHz:
• The limits of unwanted emission power from IMT-2020(5G) base station in the band 3 400-3 600 MHz is
-26 dBm/MHz in the frequency range of 3 650-3 700 MHz.
• The limits of unwanted emission power from IMT-2020(5G) base station in the band 3 400-3 600 MHz is
-47 dBm/MHz in the frequency range of 3 700-4 200 MHz.

49
Practice of 3.5 GHz frequency bands in China

Interference mitigation
In Jul. 2019, MIIT issued the Interference Coordination Guide between 5G stations and FSS earth station in
the 3.0-5.0 GHz to promote the coordination and speed up 5G network deployment. Some potential
interference mitigation techniques can be applied:
• Improve the receive technique characteristics of LNA/LNB, such as adding an additional filter.
• Install shielding net around the earth station.
• Avoid installing IMT-2020(5G) base stations in the main lobe of earth station antenna.
• Adjust the maximum radiation direction.
• Reduce the IMT-2020(5G) maximum output power.
• Use building separation.

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National 5G spectrum in 3.5GHz — Asia–Pacific

• This charts show GSA’s current understanding of the state of

5G and 5G-relevant (that is, technology-neutral) licensing
around the world in the C-band.

51
Outline

• Background of IMT spectrum in ITU-R

• ITU-R studies – principle and case study
• Some national practice
• Future consideration
• Summary

52
WRC-23 relevant agenda items

• Several agenda items that were proposed by Region 3 were incorporated in the
Agenda and will be studied during this next cycle. To cite a few:
- Agenda Item 1.2 will consider global identification of several “mid-bands”
from 3.3 to 10.5 GHz for IMT.
- Agenda Item 1.4 will consider the use of high-altitude platform stations
(HAPS) as IMT base stations (HIBS).
• Other IMT relevant agenda items
- Agenda Item 1.1 will consider possible measures to address, in the frequency
band 4 800-4 990 MHz, protection of stations of the aeronautical and
maritime mobile services.
- Agenda Item 1.3/1.5…

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More mid-bands for 5G and beyond

• For different deployment scenarios including Industrial Internet scenario, 5G need more
spectrum in the future.

below 3GHz + more mid-band spectrum + millimeter-band (above 24GHz)

• Mid-band spectrum such as 6GHz will be the key frequency band for future 5G
- Good propagation property and large bandwidth
- Tradeoff between capacity and coverage
- Meet different requirements in most scenarios
- Easy to deploy 5G commercial network especially for developing countries
- Lower costs compared with millimeter-band

54
Recent updates in China

• The new edition of the Regulations on Radio Frequency Allocation of the People's Republic
of China is released 28th, June 2023, and implemented from 1st July,2023.

• In this new edition, all or part of the frequency band 6425-7125MHz is identified for IMT
systems.

• This update establishes the status of IMT spectrum identification in 6GHz in the form of
regulations. By offering further frequency in the mid-band for 5G and 6G systems, it will help
to stabilize the expectations of the IMT industry and encourage the development and
innovation of mobile communication.
Announcement from MITT (in Chinese)
https://www.miit.gov.cn/jgsj/wgj/gzdt/art/2023/art_92c8962a03a44a37becc2963cb3c8df9.html

News (in English)

https://english.news.cn/20230627/5c9944b83f6c4d948a3c7da8d62ecb02/c.html

Regulations on Radio Frequency Allocation of the People's Republic of China (in Chinese)
https://www.miit.gov.cn/cms_files/filemanager/1226211233/attach/20236/d1dc19424d5a4cfe90d631adeee8dd58.pdf
55
Outline

• Background of IMT spectrum in ITU-R

• ITU-R studies – principle and case study
• Some national practice
• Future consideration
• Summary

56
 Summary
• The radio frequencies and any associated orbits, including the geostationary-satellite orbit are limited natural resources
and that they must be used rationally, efficiently and economically. This is the Preamble of ITU-R Radio Regulations
and also the objective of spectrum management.

• Before frequencies are allocated for a new radio application, compatibility with existing radio systems and with non-
radio devices must be ensured. The spectrum engineers are responsible for define appropriate technical parameters,
finding clearly sharing conditions, and developing interference mitigation mechanisms to ensure the compatibility
between different radio services in time, frequency and space domain.

• We are committed to contributing Chinese efforts and solution to the improvements of 5G and future ecosystems under
the guidance of the ITU framework. We will work with regulatory authorities and industries worldwide to promote the
global harmonization of additional spectrum for IMT and to further strengthen its key role in the development of the
global digital economy.

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Trainer information

• Trainer: Dr. Tan WANG

• E-mail: wangtan0281@163.com
• Department: Radio Spectrum
• Organization: SRMC (The State Radio Monitoring Center)
• Address: No. 80 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing

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Thank you ！

中国信息通信研究院 http://www.caict.ac.cn/