6.

2 Integration by Substitution
First Technique of Integration
6.2 Integration by Substitution:
So we learned how to integrate basic functions such as
a) and
b) because we could expand and make it fit the basic rules
Solution:
a)

b)

But how would we integrate something like ?

How would we integrate something like ?

We could expand and then integrate the resulting integrand…UGH!!

OR
We simplify the expression by making a change variable:
Let
so the differential
Then

….. COOL!
Integration by Substitution:
Examples:
Integration by Substitution:
Examples:
d)

e)
Integration By Substitution:
Step 1: Let where is part of the integrand, usually the “inside function” of a
composite function
Step 2: Find
Step 3: Use the substitution and to convert the entire integrand into one involving
only .
Step 4: Find the resulting integral
Step 5: Replace u by to obtain the final solution as a function of x
Integration by Substitution:

b)

c)
Integration by Substitution:
d)

e)
Integration by Substitution:
f)

g)

h)
Integration by Substitution:
i)

j)

k)
Rules for Integration of Trig Functions:

Recall Derivative Rules Integrals of Trig Functions

Ex with Trig:
Special Cases:
1-Sometimes you will need to do long division first:
Ex:
Special Cases:
2- Note:
Special Cases:
3- Backwards Substitution: (Integrand involves something extra… like x )
Ex: a)

b)
Special Cases:
3- Backwards Substitution: (Integrand involves, or is missing, something extra… like
x)
Ex: c)