II.

Galileo's Concept of Vertical Motion, Horizontal

Motion, and Projectile motion.

1.Vertical Motion
In the absence of resistance, objects would fall
not depending on their weight, but in the time of
fall. Also, if the object encountered a resistive
force from a fluid equal ot greater than its weight,
it will slow down and reaches a uniform motion
until it reaches the bottom and stop.
 For example, without any resistance, a 1—kg
object will be as fast as a 10—kg objects when
falling because they fall with the same amount of
time, given that they are released from the same
height.

 Also, a stone dropped on the ocean will sooner or

later travel at constant speed.
2.Horizontal motion
— An object in motion, if unimpeded,will continue to be in
motion, and an external force is not necessary to maintain the
motion. If the Earth's surface is very flat and extended infinitely,
objects will continue to move. This kind of motion, however, is not
evident in nature.
For example, if the ball is pushed on a infinitely flat plane, the
ball will continue to roll if unimpeded.
3. Projectile motion
— Galileo performed experiments on uniformly accelarated
using an inclined plane, and used the same apparatus to study
projectile motion.
 Galileo was credited for quantifying the " rate of fall"by
measurement of distance and time and flotting it
graphically. He was able to slow down the "fall"using ramps
ratherthan viscous materials as Aristotle did resultingto
significantly defferent conclutions related to the "rate ic
fall"
 He correctly measured motion in to independent direction
(horizontal and vertical )and deduced that the "rate of fall"
is better measured in terms of downward acceleration.
 He used geometry to provide better description
(kenematics ) of projectile motion whereby horizontal
motion has zero accelaration.
 By barying the ball's Horizontal velocity and vertical
drop,Galileo was able to determine that the path of
projectile is parabolic.
 He believe that projectile is combination of uniform
motion in the Horizontal direction and uniformly
accelerated motion in the vertical direction if it is not
impeded it eill contenue to move even without an
applied force.
 Fof example, when you are shoot the ball in basketball ring. the
ball does not need a force to keep it moving.